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UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN
These plans were worked out from the point of view of making the rooms and installations in common as easily accessible as possible. The large lecture-theater is in direct communication with the laboratories of medical physiology, biochemistry, and biophysics, who use it daily, while the laboratories of gymnastics and zoophysiology generally use the smaller lecture-room.
The building is arranged on the central corridor plan with unit rooms. The dimensions are as follows: height: sub-basement 2.00 m, basement 3.00 m, first floor 4.00 m, second floor 4.00 m, third floor 3.15 m; width of corridors 2.20 m; depth of rooms 4.81 m in basement, increasing to 4.93 m on the second floor. The unit room is 2.50 m wide with one double window of the Swedish type, 1.50 m broad and 2.50 m high. The window sill is at 1.08 m above the finished floor.
As seen from the plans the unit system is not at all strictly adhered to.
The floor areas of the laboratories are approximately
as follows:	Square meters
Institute of Medical Physiology	1,300
Institute of Biochemistry	900
Laboratory of Biophysics	700
Laboratory for Theory of Gymnastics	275
Laboratory of Zoophysiology	800
Lecture-rooms Library, photographic studio, lunch-room,	185
etc.	180
Corridors, etc.	550
The third floor of the main building is mainly occupied by apartments for two of the professors and a number of assistants in the laboratories.
It is a special feature of this Institute that most of the laboratories have guest rooms to accommodate scientists from abroad during their period of work in the Institute.
All supporting walls are of brick, but many of the partitions are of wood. The walls are plastered and painted. The horizontal partitions between the basement, first, and second floors are of reinforced concrete. To facilitate the use of the ceilings for the support of apparatus a number of suitably distributed flanged tubes with internal screw-threads were let into this concrete during construction.
In most of the laboratory rooms the floors are covered with Y% inch (3 mm) sheet rubber laid on a 3 cm layer of cork cement. This floor covering has so far' proved quite satisfactory, being resistant to most chemicals and agreeable and almost noiseless to walk on. The construction as a whole has proved unsatisfactory, in so far as the noise from motors and machines is transmitted over long distances through the building.
EQUIPMENT
High pressure steam (10-12 atm.) is supplied from the power house of the “ Rigshospital ” through two pipes of 5 and 10 cm diameters respectively. Of these the smaller is used alone in the summer and in vanter during the night. The general heating in winter is brought about by circulation of hot water through radiators placed in the niches below the windows and isolated from the walls by cork plates. In several rooms there are radiators supplied with automatic regulation securing a nearly uniform temperature. The general heating system is closed down in the summer, but low pressure steam is available to heat special rooms all the year round.
Natural ventilation is provided through shafts from each room combined into groups in the walls of the corridors and carried up to outlets on the roof. Forced ventilation can be resorted to when necessary. Blowers installed in the sub-basement can force air into the corridors whence it can be directed into any room or set of rooms desired through the transom windows above the doors. In winter this air is suitably heated. This system is in regular use and indeed is a necessity in the large lecture-theater (where the air is let in under each seat) and in the large laboratory for practical classes in biochemistry, but in the research rooms it is rarely used and could probably be dispensed with.
The fume cupboards provided in most of the rooms are of the ordinary type with a sliding front; one of the glazed sides can be opened as a door. They are connected with the ventilating shafts through two shuttered openings, in the lower of which a Bunsen burner can be placed for ventilation. In a small number of fume cupboards artificial suction is provided by a fan (0.4 h.p. motor) placed in the attic, but controlled from a switch at the fume cupboard itself. The fume cupboards are as a rule provided with gas, compressed air, and water; a few also receive low pressure steam.
Cold water is let in from two different mains of the city system in order to avoid as far as possible interruptions in the supply. The Copenhagen water coming from deep wells is of very uniform temperature throughout the year; it is practically free from organic impurities but is rather hard (35 parts of CaC03 in 100,000). This hardness has proved fatal for the working of the hot-water system, the temperature of which can be raised only to 55° C. without endangering the pipes by incrustation. The hot water which is supplied generally to one sink in each room is therefore of little use for laboratory purposes. ' It is intended to put in a permutit filter to soften the water so that its temperature can be raised. The hot water is supplemented by low pressure steam which is far more useful, but unfortunately this is available only in a few places throughout the building.
To supply the Institute with “distilled” water an