1836 studies at the University of Heidelberg under Tiedemann, Gmelin and Th. Bischoff; 1838-1839 studies at Göttingen under Langenbeck and Woehler; return to Heidelberg and studies under F. C. Naegele and Chelius; 1839-1840 at the University of Berlin under Schoenlein and J. Mueller; 1840 medical state examination; stay in Berlin and in Vienna; 1841 Dr.med. from the University of Heidelberg; private practice in Karlsruhe; 1842 senior surgeon (Oberchirurg) in the Großherzogliche Leib-Infanterie-Regiment (grand duke's own infantry regiment); 1843 senior pyhsician (Oberarzt) in the same regiment; 1849 associate professor of theoretical medicine at the University of Tübingen where he lectured on general pathology and therapy, materia medica, history of medicine and later on pysiology; 1850-1856 editor of the Archiv für physiologische Heilkunde; 1855 full professor of physiology and director of the physiological institute at Tübingen; 1864-1865 rector of the University of Tübingen; 1868 move into the newly founded physiological institute; honorary doctorate from the University of Tübingen.