1827 studies of medicine at the University of Bonn; 1830 at the University of Heidelberg; 1831 return to Bonn and doctorate under Johannes Müller; trip to Paris with Müller where they met Cuvier and Dutrochet; 1832 M.D. at Bonn with a dissertation on the pupil membrane and the blood vessels within the eye; 1833 state medical examination passed in Berlin and afterwards assistant to Müller; 1834 Müller's prosector at the Anatomical Institute; 1837 qualification as lecturer in Berlin with a Habilitationsschrift on the epithelium of the intestinal villi; 1840 professor of anatomy and physiology at Zurich, where Albert Koelliker was his prosector; 1844 professor of anatomy and physiology at Heidelberg along with Friedrich Tiedemann; after Tiedemann's retirement director of the Anatomical Institute; from 1852 until his death at the University of Göttingen.
Degrees
M.D., University of Bonn, 1832
VL Library
Pathologische Untersuchungen, Berlin 1840 (Nachdr.: Von den Miasmen und Contagien, Leipzig 1910 [Sudhoffs Klassiker der Med., 3]; Repr.: Leipzig 1968); Allgemeine Anatomie, Berlin 1841; Handbuch der rationellen Pathologie, Braunschweig 1846-1853.