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{"created":"2022-01-31T13:45:28.566950+00:00","id":"lit18125","links":{},"metadata":{"contributors":[{"name":"Zeiss, Carl","role":"author"}],"detailsRefDisplay":"35th ed. Jena","fulltext":[{"file":"a0001.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"Carl Zeiss s Jena\nMicroscopes and\nMicroscope\n35th Edition\nReference: MikfO 184.","page":0},{"file":"a0002.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"Terms.\nAny of the Items specified in this Catalogue, unless stated to the contrary, will be supplied singly or in any desired combination at the prices appended to the respective items. All instruments and appliances made by us bear the name and address of our firm engraved upon them and are not supplied otherwise.\nThe Prices appended to the Stands apply to the bare stand together with its case only and do not include eyepieces, objectives or nosepieces. Suitably equipped microscopes will be found at the end of the catalogue.\nThe price of a completely equipped microscope is in all cases the aggregate of the prices of the component items.\nAll prices are strictly nett for prompt cash and do not include the cost of packing and carriage from the works.\nAll orders (excepting those of our regular business friends) should be accompanied by a remittance.\nAll goods are forwarded, carefully and suitably packed, at the expense and risk of the consignee. In the absence of specific instructions goods will be forwarded by what we regard as the most advantageous route and every precaution will be taken to ensure good and prompt delivery.\nIn all cases where any doubt can arise the railway station nearest the consignee\u2019s address should be stated.\nThe values of the goods are covered under our open policy without liability for breakage. Packages which bear external marks of damage should be accepted under protest with the remark \u201eNot Examined\u201c, otherwise the consignee will forfeit his right to claim upon the carriers.\nNames and Addresses should be written plainly on all enquiries and orders; and, to obviate errors, the edition or year of publication of this catalogue should be specified.\nIn telegraphic orders use should be made of the Codewords appended to the required item. In the event of any article being required in multiples it is advisable to telegraph the required number in words rather than in numerals.\nJena, 1913.\tCarl Zeiss.\nTelegraphic Address: Zeisswerk Jena.\nBranch Depots (Wholesale, Retail and Ninor Repairs):\nLondon W., 13\u201414, Great Castle Street, Oxford Circus.\nBerlin W. 9, Potsdamerstra\u00dfe 139. Hamburg, Rathausmarkt 8.\nParis 3i\u00e8me, 6, rue aux Ours (prolongement de la rue Etienne Marcel). Milan, Piazza del Duomo 19.\nSt. Petersburg, Kasanskaja Ulitza 2. Tokyo, Tsukiji 33a.\nVienna IX,'3, Ferstelgasse 1, Ecke Maximilianplatz.\nTelegr. Address: Zeisswerk Wesdo London.\nTelegr. Address: Zeisswerk Berlin. Telegr. Address: Zeisswerk Hamburg.\nTelegr. Address: Zeiss Paris.\nTelegr. Address: Carlzeis Milan. Telegr. Address: Mikro Petersburg. Telegr. Address: Zeiss Tokyo. \u2022\nTelegr. Address: Zeisswerk Vienna. Branch Works: Jena, London, Riga, Vienna, Gy\u00f6r.","page":0},{"file":"a0003content.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"Contents.\npage\nIntroduction........................................... 5\nI.\tObjectives and Eyepieces\nA.\tGeneral Features...................................... 6\nB.\tApochromatic Objectives.............................. 13\nC.\tCompensating Eyepieces............................... 17\nD.\tAchromatic Objectives.................................20\nE.\tHuyghenian and Orthoscopic Eyepieces..................23\nF.\tTables ol Magnification.............................. 24\nII.\tMicroscope Stands\nA.\tThe Illumination ol the Object....................... 27\nB.\tObject Stages.........................................39\nC.\tFocussing Mechanism...................................46\nD.\tLens Changing Devices................................ 49\nE.\tStands of Various Designs............................ 52\nIII.\tAccessories for the Microscope\nA.\tDrawing Appliances................................... 78\nB.\tMeasuring and Counting Devices........................84\nC.\tApertometer, Test Plate, Diffraction Apparatus. ...\t92\nD.\tAttachments for Microscopic Observation with Polarised\nLight................................................. 94\nE.\tAttachment for Microscopic Observation with Spectroscopically Decomposed Light...............................97\nF.\tAppliances for Observation at\tRaised Temperatures .\t99\nG.\tVarious Accessories..................................101\nH.\tAppliances for the Artificial Illumination of Microscopic\nObjects...............................................107\nIV.\tBell Glasses, Object Slides, Cover Glasses . . . . Ill\nV.\tCompletely Equipped Microscopes........................113\nVI.\tIndex.................................................124","page":0},{"file":"a0004introduction.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"Introduction.\nIn prefacing this new edition of our General Catalogue of Microscopes and Accessories for the Microscope it affords us considerable gratification to state that in the face of the pronounced rise in the cost of labour and materials which has made itself felt during the last few years, we have on the whole been able to maintain our former prices by dint of simplified and improved methods of manufacture. The present 35 th Edition of our Catalogue specifies a very small number of articles the prices of which have experienced a slight advance. In the case of a few items we have indeed been enabled to lower the price.\nThis is notably the case with the achromatic tV\" oil immersion lens, as hitherto supplied. We have reduced the numerical aperture of this objective by an insignificant amount, viz. from 1.30 to 1.25, the latter being the guaranteed minimum value of its numerical aperture, which will as a rule be exceeded. This very slight diminution of the numerical aperture has enabled us to reduce the price of the objective by M. 25.\u2014.\nIn the place of the original oil-immersion lens of N. A. 1.30 we have introduced a new combination which contains fluorite in its composition and occupies an intermediate position between the achromatic and apochromatic lenses. Its price is only M. 15.\u2014 in excess of that of the original xV\" oil-immersion lens without fluorite components.\nOf additions to our stands and their fittings we have listed in this edition the Inclinable Class Microscope Stand V and a few new stage patterns for the simpler stands. The Binocular Dissecting Stand XB is made in its original form as well as in a much simplified form. The Substage and other Illuminating Attachments to the Microscope have undergone considerable changes, which have in a large measure been occasioned by the developments in the dark-ground method of observation.\nThe section relating to Dark Ground Illumination has been entirely remodelled and considerably extended in keeping with the growing practical importance of this method. Applications of the principle of the ultra-microscope proper are briefly referred to, their full description being contained in separate booklets. The same applies to apparatus for observation and photo-micrography with ultra-violet light. The Luminescence Microscope referred to in this Catalogue is likewise described in a separate publication.\nThe Petrological Microscopes and their Accessories as well as the Corneal Microscope have been eliminated from this edition. Petrological Microscopes will form the subject matter of a separate catalogue, whilst the Corneal Microscope has been transferred to to our new Medico-optical Instrument Department.\nAn asterisk * denotes that the instrument or device so marked has originated in our Works, having either been invented or first devised by us for the purpose named or at all events first made by us in the form here described.","page":0},{"file":"p0006.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"I. Objectives and Eyepieces.\nA. General Features.\nAs the outcome of long continued investigations and experiments pursued by Dr. SCHOTT and Prof. ABBE the laboratories of the Technical Glass Works of Messrs. SCHOTT & CO., of Jena, which had been established with our cooperation, produced in 1884 a series of new optical glasses endowed with more favourable properties in the matter of refraction and dispersion for the computation of microscope lenses than the then existing crown and flint glasses which they were destined to supersede.\nThe use of these glasses and the application of new formulae which they rendered practicable has, since 1886, enabled us to produce microscope objectives in which the chromatic and spherical aberrations are reduced to a much higher degree of correction and all rays accordingly brought to a focus in the plane of the image in a much more perfect manner than had previously been attainable. \u00c4t the same time we devised for use with these improved objectives a new type of eyepieces as a means of securing an approximately uniform degree of achromatic correction and definition throughout the entire field of view, apart from a few other useful qualities of minor importance.\nThe lenses and eyepieces of a higher order of correction so obtained were first made known in a catalogue published in 1886 and were respectively named Apochromatic Objectives, Compensating Eyepieces, and Projection Eyepieces. Since that time their merits have met with universal recognition and they have proved eminently valuable in the service of scientific research.\nIn addition to the objectives and eyepieces of the apochromatic series we continue to make our Achromatic Objectives together with their appropriate eyepieces. Whilst there can be no doubt that in the more exacting departments of microscopic research the apochromatic objectives are increasingly superseding the achromatic series, the bulk of the ordinary work of microscopic investigation and study does not demand the highest attainable degree of optical perfection, and for these purposes the \u201eachromatic\u201c microscope will continue all that need be required, provided the instrument is good of its kind and the work of an accomplished maker. The objectives and eyepieces of the achromatic series have this advantage that, being of a much simpler construction, excellent lenses","page":6},{"file":"p0007.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"of this order can be produced at considerably lower prices than is possible in the case of the apochromatic lenses, which are much more complex and make higher demands upon the maker\u2019s skill.\nWhilst the new glasses, in conjunction with fluorite, were being employed to produce lenses of a higher order of correction, these same materials, in conjunction with improved formulae, were made a means of perfecting the achromatic lenses within their utmost limits. We should accordingly have been justified in applying to the higher powers of this series, in which the advance in the optical quality achieved by this means was very marked, such appellations as \u201eSemi-apochromatic Objectives\u201c or, in some instances, \u201eFluorite Lenses\u201c, which have found favour with other makers.\nRecently a third type has been added to the Apochromatic and Achromatic orders, that of the so-called Monochromatic Objectives, which have been computed by Dr. von ROHR. The characteristic features of these objectives are that the rays are brought to a focus in a very perfect manner with respect to any specified wavelength, the combination being accordingly entirely devoid of chromatic correction, and that the system is made up of uncemented lenses, all of which may be composed of the same material. Since these objectives are entirely devoid of chromatic correction it follows that they may be employed with purely monochromatic light only. At present these lenses are made exclusively for the purposes of photo-micrography with ultra-violet light in conjunction with the apparatus referred to in the Introduction, since the monochromatic nature and physical properties of the light render these lenses peculiarly useful. They are for use in this way corrected with respect to a wave-length of 275 u,u, and all lenses are made of fused quartz. For special use with Monochromatic Objectives computed for ultra-violet light we supply Quartz Eyepieces, the lenses of which are made of pebble. Detailed information on this subject will be found in an article by A. KOEHLER on \u201eMikrophotographische Untersuchungen mit ultra-violettem Licht\u201c, Z.-S. f. wiss. Mikr. 21, 129\u2014165 and 273 \u2014 304, 1904.\nAll our objectives are produced in our workshops in accordance with the system introduced by Prof. ABBE in 1868, by virtue of which all the constructive elements of an objective are predetermined by strict computation before its manufacture is attempted. This system furnishes the only means of producing under competent scientific control and under organised conditions of manufacture large numbers of optical combinations of the utmost degree of perfection.\nThis system of a complete and rigorous mathematical computation of every element which enters into the construction of the lens combined with exact methods of working and organised control of each phase of manufacture does away with any of the incertainties appertaining to the trial-and-error method and thereby ensures an extraordinary degree of uniformity in the quality of our objectives, high as well as low powers, whilst the chances of inferior objectives being turned out are entirely eliminated. All objectives are free from spherical aberration up to the marginal zones (assuming, of course, that cover-glasses of the correct thickness are used) and are of the highest attainable degree of chro-","page":7},{"file":"p0008.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"8\nmatic correction. In their computation stress has been laid upon the correction of extra-axial aberrations and the quality of a flat field.\nFree Working Distance. In view of the importance of a good Working Distance for the convenient and safe employment of the higher powers, particular attention has been given to this factor in calculating the formulae of the various glasses. Our high power objectives have accordingly unusually long working distances in relation to their focal lengths and apertures (see Tables on pp. 15, 22 and 26).\nTube Length. The whole of the objectives specified in this Catalogue,' excepting where supplied in special mounts, are adjusted for a mechanical tube-length of 160 mm reckoned from the shoulder of the objective screw to the upper edge of the draw-tube which supports the eyepiece collar. In Fig. 1 this length is indicated by the letter T. A different tube-length is required in the case of objectives set in special mounts, such as objectives in short mounts for use with the Vertical Illuminator.\nOn the larger stands of our make the tube-length may be read off the scale engraved on the draw-tube. When any fitting intervenes between the tube and the objective, such as a revolving nosepiece or a sliding objective changer, the draw-tube should be pushed in by an amount equal to the depth of the intervening fitting so as to restore the distance of 160 mm between the shoulder of the objective and eyepiece collar.\nIn the case of several eyepieces of special construction, such as drum micrometer eyepieces, screw micrometer eyepieces, spectroscopic eyepieces and others, the eyepiece lies some distance above the edge of the draw-tube. When one of these eyepieces is used as well as an objective changer or similar fitting the resulting tube-length may remain too great even when the draw-tube is pushed in as far as it will go. When this contingency arises the objective should either be screwed direct to the tube or special short eyepiece sockets should be screwed into the upper end of the draw-tube (as in the case of Stands I) or into the body tube in the place of the draw-tube.\nThe low power achromatic objectives, up to C inclusive, may without appreciable prejudice to their optical performance be used on the 10-inch tubes of the large English models.\nAll other objectives, especially those of the apochromatic series, perform more or less imperfectly on a 10-inch tube and should be specially adjusted for this purpose.\nObjectives intended to be used on tube lengths other than the standard length of 160 mm should be ordered accordingly.\nThickness of the Cover-glass. All objectives in fixed mounts, unless required otherwise, are corrected for cover-glasses of a mean thickness ranging from 0.15 to 0.20 mm. To obtain perfect definition with cover-glasses of this standard thickness the object should be in immediate contact with the undersurface of the cover-glass. A stratum of any appreciable thickness of the embedding medium intervening between the object and the cover-glass influences the result much in the same manner as a departure from the proper cover-glass thickness, unless the refractive index of the medium happens to be the same as that of the medium which separates the cover-glass from the front lens of the objective.","page":8},{"file":"p0009.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"9\nF-\n1 >\t\t- *\nl1\t\nA\tFig. 1*\t(1 f*2 full Size)\tB\n: Diagram ol the path of the rays initially proceeding from a point object situated in the anterior focal plane of the entire B: Section taken through Stand III and diagram of extreme rays bounding the field of view. F, : Posterior\nPosterior focal plane of the\nF':\nmicroscope system. 8: Section taken through Stand III and diagram of extreme rays focal plane of the Objective AH; F>: Anterior focal plane of the Huyghenian Eyepiece No. 2;\nmicroscope as a whole. T: Mechanical tube length; A: optical tube length For further information the reader is refered to our leaftet Mikro 222 !\n","page":9},{"file":"p0010.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"10\nObjectives required to be adjusted for a cover-glass differing from the usual thickness or intended for use without a cover-glass should be ordered accordingly.\nfill high power objectives, from the \u00c4pochromatic 8 mm and the Achromatic Objective D upwards, with the exception of the oil-immersion lenses, have the cover-glass thickness which gives the best definition marked upon the lens mount in decimal fractions of a millimetre. Any departure from the cover-glass thickness so marked is attended with a more or less appreciable deterioration of the spherical correction, and it may be noted that\nan excessively thin cover-glass produces spherical under-correction, whilst an excessively thick cover-glass produces spherical over-correction.\nFor ordinary observation with the 8-mm \u00c4pochromatic and the Achromatic Objective D it is generally sufficient to roughly judge the thickness of the cover-glass by the eye. Finer observations and the use of objectives of higher power demand a more careful selection of cover-glasses of the appropriate thickness with the aid of a Cover Glass Gauge (see page 90). To examine with lenses of this kind an object mounted under a cover-glass which has not the prescribed thickness, the influence which the excessive or deficient thickness of the cover-glass exercises upon the definition can within certain limits be compromised by altering the tube-length. One may proceed in this way:\nWith a\tcover-glass\tof deficient thickness\textend\tthe\ttube\n\u201e\t\u201e\t\u201e\t\u201e excessive \u201e\tshorten\t\u201e\nThis expedient is particularly useful as a means of obtaining perfect definition in fine observations with fixedly mounted \u00e4pochromatic objectives of large apertures. The correct tube length for each objective and a progression of cover-glass thicknesses is best ascertained with the aid of a Test Plate (see page 93).\nIn these cases it is, however, much more convenient to work with objectives fitted with a Correction Collar. With the Achromatic Objectives F and J digressions from the mean cover-glass thickness can be compensated by means of the correction collar only, since these objectives are less markedly affected by differences in the tube ength than objectives of longer foci.\nA simple expedient for ascertaining with approximate accuracy the cover-glass thickness of a mounted object with the aid of our stands of large and intermediate size will be found described on page 48.\nObjectives with Correction Collars (Fig. 2). The movable collar (bb) is graduated in terms of hundredths of a millimetre, and an index on the fixed part of the mount supplies a reading of the correct cover-glass thickness to use in any given position of the collar.\nFig. 2.\nObjectivefitted with aCorrection Collar.\nThe correction ring bb serves to alter the distance which separates the two upper doublets from the lower single lenses secured within the fixed mount aa.","page":10},{"file":"p0011.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"11\nThe correction for the proper cover-glass thickness should be applied with the utmost care \u2014 especially in the case of the 4 mm and 3 mm apochromatic dry lenses and the 2.5 mm water immersion lens \u2014 otherwise the performance of the lens will suffer seriously.\nThe Oil Immersion Objectives are supplied in fixed mounts only, since their optical performance is within wide limits independent of the cover-glass thickness, whilst on the other hand any alteration in the relative distances of the component lenses would interfere with the optical correction of the system as a whole.\nThe Immersion Fluid which we recommend for use with our oil immersion lenses and which we have used form the outset is slightly thickened cedar wood oil (From Juniperus virginiana). Users of our lenses will do well to eschew any oil derived from other sources as they run the risk that the fluid may differ in its refractive and dispersive properties from that supplied by us, in which case the optical performance would fall widely short of the attainable standard.\nOil immersion lenses should always be carefully cleaned immediately after use. To this end the adhering oil should be soaked up with a piece of linen or filter paper and the remaining oil carefully removed with the aid of a soft piece of linen moistened with a little benzine or xylol.\n2\na\tFig. 3\tb\nNos. 11.3000 and 11.3010 Immersion Oil Bottles.\nU Full Size).\nThe Immersion Oil Bottles shown in Fig. 3, a and b, are useful and convenient contrivances for keeping and applying the immersion oil. In the No. 11.3000 pattern the cap\tand\trod of the bottle are made\tof glass, whilst in\nthe No.\t11.3010 variety the\tcap\tis of metal. This latter pattern has taken the\nplace of a similar bottle, originally devised by M\u00c4CH, and holds only a small quantity\tof oil, which is a useful\tfeature in view of the fact\tthat larger quantities are\tliable to resinify.\tThe\touter glass vessel may be\tfilled with benzine\nor xylol for cleaning lenses, cover-glasses, etc. Short Directions (Mikro 260) accompany each Immersion Oil Bottle.\nNo.\tMarks\tCodeword\n11.3000 Immersion Oil Bottle with Glass Cap . . .\tl.-\tMiaba\n11.3010; Immersion Oil Bottle with Metal Cap . . .\t1.50\tMiabais\n11.3015 Cedar Wood Oil, 15 grammes, in plain bottle\t0.75\tMia bam os\nII, s\t1\"\n,ii. \u00eei\u00fcll\u00efi i 4Sf5s\tf ' ;i \u2022\u00e4\u00e4\u00fc si","page":11},{"file":"p0012.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"12\nThe price of our oil-immersion objectives includes an Immersion Oil Bottle of the No. 11.3010 pattern and a 15-gramme bottle of Cedar Wood Oil.\nThe term Numerical Aperture (N. A.), or Aperture for short, was introduced by ABBE in 1873 in the course of his theoretical investigations. The magnitude of the numerical aperture is determined by the equation\nN. A \u2014 n. sin a,\nn being the refractive index of the medium contained between the cover-glass and the front lens of the objective, and u the semi-apertural angle of the system.\nThe numerical aperture of an objective supplies a measure of all its essential qualities. For a given magnification, other things beings equal, th\u00e9 Brightness of the Image is proportional to the square of the numerical aperture; the Resolving Power is directly proportional to it; the Depth of Focus, or Power of Differentiating Depths within any given medium is proportional to the contangent of the semi-apertural angle of the objective (ABBE, Gesammelte Abhandlungen, I, 267, 354, 365, 366, Jena 1904), and CZAPSKI, Theorie der optischen Instrumente, Second Edition, 245, 254, Leipzig 1904).\nThe magnitude of the numerical aperture governs the limits of the effective or useful magnification of the microscope. By this we understand, on the one hand, the least magnification which the microscope should afford in order that a normal-sighted observer may see all that the microscope is capable of bringing into view by virtue of its aperture; on the other hand, it signifies that degree of magnification which may not be exceeded without unduly accentuating those purely optical phenomena of diffraction and interference which are always present in the microscopic image, though they form no part of the structural image of the object. These two limiting values range, in round numbers, from (V = 500 \u2022 a for the lower limit to N = 1000 \u2022 a for the upper limit, a being the numerical aperture of the optical system. For a detailed exposition of this subject the reader is referred to ABBEs Gesammelte Abhandlungen I, 390\u2014406, Jena 1904.\nThe mounts of all objectives intended for monocular observation areprovided with the so-called English Standard (or Society) Screw, which has an outside diameter of about 20 mm or \u00ee inch.\nWhen ordering objectives for use on stands which are not of our make, it is advisable to send us the tube for adaptation.\nThe mounts of all our objectives have engraved upon them the name of our firm and Pig_ 4.\tbelow this a consecutive number. The engraving\nObjective Mounts, to show on the mount of an apochromatic lens states, in Engraving. (Full Size.)\taddition, its aperture, its focal length, and the\ntube length for which it is adjusted. The additional engraving on the mounts of the achromatic lenses shows the single or double letter by which they are designated, their focal length, and in the case of all lenses above aa also their numerical aperture. Objectives supplied in fixed mounts have, moreover, the thickness (D) of the cover-glass for which they have been adjusted engraved upon them.\nlil JENA\tj\nE \t\t |\t1526 I '\t","page":12},{"file":"p0013.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"13\nB. *Apochromatic Objectives.\nFor the purposes of this catalogue we must content ourselves with a brief statement of the essential features of the apochromatic objectives and will refer those who wish to acquaint themselves more fully with the scientific principles and aims which govern the construction of these objectives to the paper of Prof. ABBE entitled \u201e\u00dcber Verbesserungen des Mikroskops mit Hilfe neuer Arten optischen Glases\u201c (Sitzungsber. d. Med.-Naturw. Ges. zu Jena, 20, 107\u2014128, 1886, and Gesammelte Abhandlungen I, 450\u2014472), whilst the general fundamental principles which enter into the construction of these objectives are discussed in CZAPSKI\u2019s work entitled \u201eTheorie der optischen Instrumente\u201c, Second Edition, Leipzig 1904.\nFrom a purely optical point of view the apochromatic objectives surpass all optical combinations of lenses which, previous to their introduction, had been devised for use with the microscope in that they embody the simultaneous solution of two problems in the' optical correction of lenses which up to then had not been achieved in any department of practical optics. These achievements related to achromatic correction of a higher order known as the elimination of the secodary spectrum of achromatic lenses, by virtue of which rays of three different colours are brought to a focus, coupled with an extended correction of the spherical aberration for two colours instead of the usual correction for one colour only, namely that which appears brightest to the eye.\nWith all microscope lenses constructed before 1881 the best definition was restricted to one colour, whilst the images produced by the other colours were more or less blurred so as to partly form coloured fringes round the sharpest image and partly cast a more or less pronounced general haze over the entire field. The apochromatic objectives, on the contrary, furnish images which are of a nearly equal degree of sharpness for all rays of the spectrum. The quality of the image formed by an apochromatic objective is accordingly practically independent of the nature of the light which provides the illumination and the latter may accordingly be derived from any part of the spectrnm.\nAgain, in the older achromatic series perfect colour correction obtains within a restricted zone of the field only, and there is a marked falling off in the quality of the definition at points nearer the centre and nearer the margin of the lens, whilst in the apochromatic type of lenses the colour correction is of a uniform degree of perfection in all zones of the field alike. Hence when an ABBE test plate is applied to ascertain the chromatic quality of an apochromatic lens there is practically the same complete absence of chromatic defects whether the illumination is central, semi-lateral or extremely oblique.\nFinally, with the ordinary achromatic lenses, even within the region of their most perfect colour correction, rays of two colours only can be brought to an accurate focus, and hence only the images due to this pair of colours are perfectly coincident, whereas all the images due to rays belonging to other parts","page":13},{"file":"p0014.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"14\nof the spectrum are formed in different focal planes. In the apochromatic system, as we have already stated, three colours are brought accurately to a focus with the result that the entire range of the focal differences throughout the spectrum is reduced in degrees varying from the seventh to the tenth part of what is was originally in the achromatic system, which means that to all intents and purposes it has been eliminated; and it is important to note that this is true for all zones in an equal degree. From this it will be seen that the component images due to the differently coloured rays, besides being individually perfected, have been rendered much more perfectly coincident in one plane and hence blend much more completely to form a homogeneous and sharply defined image.\nThe practical advantages resulting from the application of these principles are obvious. The qualities resulting from the perfected manner in wich the ray's . proceeding from an object are made to contribute to the formation of the image have established their acknowledged superiority over all former types in the matter of magnifying and defining power as well as range of application, and that under all conditions of illumination, which may be direct or oblique, monochromatic or white. The natural colours of objects are faithfully rendered by these objectives in their finest gradations, and the definition is nearly as crisp at the edge as it is at the centre of the field.\nThe large aperture and relatively great working distance of the apochromatic lenses render it impracticable to remove a defect which they share with achromatic lenses, inasmuch as the surface of the image is curved, in con sequence of wich the central and marginal portions of the image are not equally sharp at the same time and require to be focussed in succession by means of the micrometer screw.\nIn consequence of their excellent optical correction and great light transmitting power apochromatic objectives may be used in conjunction with eyepieces of very high power without too seriously reducing the definition and brightness of the image. An apochromatic objective of a fairly long focus may thus be made a means of obtaining high magnifications, and any given apochromatic objective furnishes a pretty wide range of magnifications.\nThe list of \u00c4pochromatic Objectives on page 15, in addition to the numerical apertures and focal lengths of the various lenses, contains a column headed \u201eInitial Magnification\u201c. This is the magnification which the objective would give at the distance of distinct vision if used without eyepiece, i. e. as a simple magnifier. The initial magnification is found by dividing the focal length of the objective,\nThis achromatisation of a higher order, as here defined, differs fundamentally in theory and in its practical import from a mere improvement in the degree of achromatisation, as ordinarily understood. An improvement of this latter kind, whilst it may serve to diminish the secondary spectrum, fails to blend more than two colours; or it may serve to remove the secondary spectrum within a certain zone, yet fail to effect the achromatisation with respect to three colour rays throughout the entire aperture of the objective. These are nothing more or less than useful improvements in ordinary achromatisation and can be attained by the introduction of suitable glass elements in the formula of the ordinary achromatic objective.","page":14},{"file":"p0015.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"15\nList of \u00c4pochromatic Objectives.\n\tDescription\t\tInitial Magnifica- tion\tWhen used in conjunction with a Compensating Eyepiece No. 4 with a tube length of 160 mm\t\t\t\nClass\t1 ! Equivalent\tNumerical\t\tFree Working\tDiameter of Object as seen in the Microscope\tPrice\tCodeword\n\tI Focus\tftperture\t\tDistance\t\t\t\n\t\u2022I\tmm\t\t\tmm\tmm\tMarks\t\n\t16\t0.30\t15.5\t5\t2\t1 d 00\tMiaban\n\t! 8\t0.65\t31\t1.0\t1\ttoo.-\tMiadela\nDry\t\t\t\t\t\t\tj\nSeries\t4\t0.95\t63 ' 1\t0.2\t0.45\t140.-\tMiado\n\t3\t0.95\t83\t0.15\t0.35\t160.\u2014\tMiadores\nWater Immersion\t2.5\t1.25\t100\t0.18\t0.25\t250.-\tMiadura\n\t3\t1.30\t83\t0.20\t0.35\t300.\u2014\tMialfe\n\t3\t1.40\t83\t0.16\t0.35\t400.-\tMiagamos\nOil Immersion\tll 2\t1.30\t125\t0.16\t0.25\t300.\u2014\tMiagando\n\t2\t1.40\t125\t0.12\t0.25\t400.-\tMiagar\n\t1.5\t1.30\t167\t0.09\t0.20\t350.-\tMiagarais\nThe 4 mm and 3 mm Dry Lenses and the 2.5 mm Water Immersion Lens are supplied in mounts fitted with Correction Collars.\nRegarding the Immersion Fluid to be used with the Oil Immersion Lenses see note on page II.","page":15},{"file":"p0016.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"16\nexpressed in millimetres, into 250, which is the distance of distinct vision expressed in millimetres. For example, the initial magnification of a 3-mm objective is 250: 3 = 83.3.\nThe numerical apertures stated in the table are guaranteed minimum values.\nBy Free Working Distance, as noted in the table, we understand the distance which remains available between the upper surface of the cover-glass of a thickness of 0.17 mm and the lowermost ridge of the lens mount when the objective is sharply focussed with respect to an object situated immediately below the cover-glass. As this quantity is affected by slight variations in the depth of the front lens mount the values indicated in the table are subject to slight discrepancies, in consequence of which these values are approximate only.\nThe Area of the Object as seen under the Microscope, or the size of the stage picture, is governed by the diameter of the diaphragm which bounds the field of view in the eyepiece. The table gives the diameter in millimetres of the circular portion of the object which the eye is able to see trough the specified combination of objective and eyepiece. These particulars are likewise subject to slight variations since the diameter of the diaphragm differs in individual specimens by small amounts.\nStability of the Objectives.\nThe glasses employed in the construction of our objectives, apochromatic as well as achromatic, have now stood the test of continued use for a great number of years and can on the whole be relied upon to remain unchanged, so that no hesitation need be felt as regards their stability even in tropical climates.\nShould nevertheless one of the lenses of an objective supplied by us exhibit spontaneous changes, as has happened in isolated cases, we shall not hesitate to repair the objective so affected by substituting a new lens.\nTo this undertaking we attach, however, the condition that the faulty objective should not be interfered with before being sent to us \u2014 say by unscrewing the mounts in a futile endeavour to remove the trouble by cleaning \u2014 as any manipulation of this kind is almost invariably attended with consequences which render it difficult or even impossible to rectify what is initially an easily reparable defect.\nIt may here be noted that the 2 mm and 3 mm Apochromatic Objectives of N. A. 1.40 have a hyper-hemispherical front lens which is held in position by a cell which offers little more than peripheral contact, in consequence of which these objectives require very careful handling. The mounting is sufficiently delicate that a slight impact with the cover-glass may loosen the front lens in its seating.","page":16},{"file":"p0017.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"17\nC. Compensating Eyepieces.\nIn all microscopes objectives of large apertures the presence of a non-achromatic front lens is responsible lor certain inherent colour defects in the extra-axial portion of the visual field known as the chromatic difference of magnification, as explained in DlPPEL\u2019s \u201eDas Mikroskop\u201c, Second Edition, 1, 225\u2014227, Brunswick, 1882; CZ\u00c4PSKI, \u201eTheorie der optischen Instrumente\u201c, Second Edition, 182, 368, Leipzig 1904. The differently coloured constituent images which blend into the resultant image are of different magnitudes, the blue being larger than the red. Rn image projected by an objective of this kind without eyepiece or when viewed through an eyepiece of the usual type will exhibit colour fringes which increase in intensity towards the margin.\nThis residual defect of lenses of large aperture is shared by the apochro-matic lenses, and, in order that it may be possible to correct it more or less completely by a specially devised series of eyepieces it has been introduced intentionally in a similar degree in the lower powers as well. To compensate this defect, eyepieces have been computed having a defect equal in magnitude and opposite in kind to that inherent in, or intentionally imparted to, the objectives, so that the red image formed by them is larger than the blue image. These eyepieces serve accordingly to compensate the imperfection due to the chromatic difference of magnification referred to and when viewed through them the images are uniformly colourless up to the edge of the diaphragm in the eyepiece by which the field of view is bounded. Being itself undercorrected the eyepiece shows the edge of the diaphragm as such bordered by a reddish or yellowish fringe.\nA\nEyepiece No. 6 8\nFig. 5.\nCompensating Eyepieces (\u00a3 Full Size)\nA A is the plane of the upper rim of the drawtube of the microscope.\n-\u2014A","page":17},{"file":"p0018.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"18\nThe Sequence of the Eyepiece Powers is carried out on a plan originated by Prof. ABBE, who arranged matters so that the number which denotes how many times an eyepiece used on a tube o! the standard length increases the initial magnification of an objective should also furnish a correct measure of the eyepiece magnification and at the same time supply a rational means of numbering the sequence of the eyepieces. In accordance with this principle our Compensating Eyepieces are numbered in terms of eyepiece magnifications by the following sequence: Nos. 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18.\nIt should, however, be noted that the Eyepiece Magnifications here indicated hold good for the objectives of higher powers only; for, as stated by ABBE, the eyepiece magnification is numerically equal to the quotient obtained by dividing the focal length f., of the eyepiece into the optical tube length /\\, which is the distance between the upper principal focus of the objective and the lower principal focus of the eyepiece. This distance is generally greater in high power lenses than it is in lower powers, when the length of the mounts is so adapted that the lenses may be changed without disturbing to any great extent the focussing adjustment. This naturally causes the magnifying power of any given eyepiece to vary within certain limits when used in conjunction with different objectives.\nThe No. 2 Eyepiece, described as Searcher Eyepiece, extends the range of magnifications downwards to its lowest useful limits and provides a convenient means of surveying an object or searching for certain elements without the necessity of exchanging a high power lens, especially an oil immersion lens, for one of lower power.\nThe other eyepieces, which serve as Working Eyepieces, can be used with great ease and comfort from the lowest to the highest power. The eye point or exit pupil lies in all cases sufficiently high above the top lens and the latter has a sufficiently large diameter to do away with the inconveniences which formerly attended the use of eyepieces of short focus.\nThe annexed table gives the particulars of our standard Compensating Eyepieces.\nWhen ordering Compensating Eyepieces intended for use with stands other than those of our make it will be necessary to send a sealingwax impression of the top of the drawtube, or better still to send the tube itself to ensure the requisite fit.\nWhen the required diameter differs very considerably from the standard size the price is subject to special quotation.\nA Table of the Magnifications obtainable with the Apochromatic Objectives used in conjunction with the Compensating Eyepieces will be found on page 24, whilst those furnished by high power Achromatic Objectives and Compensating Eyepieces are given on page 26.","page":18},{"file":"p0019.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"19\nList of Compensating Eyepieces.\nSearcher\nEyepiece\nWorking Eyepieces\nDenominational No.\t2\t4\t6\t8\t12\t18\nEquivalent Focal Length in mm\t70\t39\t33\t21\t15\t10\nPrice in Marks\t20.-\t20.-\t1 d CM\t30.-\t30.-\t25.-\nCodewords\tMiagaran Miagasen Micropylos Miagogue\t\t\t\tMiagola\tMiagolai\nFor keeping objectives and eyepieces independently of the microscope case we supply Mahogany Cases fitted with lock and key, as shown in Fig. 6, at prices ranging from M. 18.\u2014 to M. 40.\u2014.\nFig. 6.\nNo. 12.1400 Mahogany Case for Six Objectives and Nine Eyepieces.\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.1400\tMahogany Case for six objectives and nine\t\n\teyepieces \t\t","page":19},{"file":"p0020.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"20\nD. Achromatic Objectives.\nThe glasses produced by the Jena Glass Works have already many years ago enabled us to reconstruct and greatly improve the majority of our original types of achromatic objectives, and already then fluorite lenses were introduced into the formula of the higher powers of the improved achromatic objectives. This has furnished a means of achieving in these objectives, a much better correction of the spherical and chromatic aberrations, with the result that their defining power and the crispness of the image were greatly improved. In the mean time the lower powers have also undergone modifications, especially in the matter of extra-axial definition.\nFig. 7.\nObjective a\u201e.\nshowing the mode of attachment to the tube.\n(1- Full Size.)\nL.\nFig. 8.\nObjective a*.\nBy the rotation of the ring RR the upper pair of lenses (L2) may be elevated into the position (L2') indicated by dotted lines.\n(Full Size.)\nTo the previously existing objectives we have added a new iV\" Oil Immersion Lens, in which the chromatic correction is improved with the aid of fluorite lenses in a manner that this objective occupies an intermediate position between the achromatic and apochromatic objectives. The numerical aperture of this new immersion lens has a guaranteed minimum value of 1.30.\nIn addition to this lens we continue to supply the old iV\" Oil Immersion Lens with its orignal aperture slightly reduced, viz. from 1.30 to 1.25. This lens, it should be noted, is of precisely the same degree of optical correction as the immersion lens of larger aperture which it has replaced. It is accordingly an excellent and comparatively inexpensive immersion lens for daily use.\nIn the case of the dry lenses of numerical apertures exceeding 0.65, that is to say from DD upwards, the improved optical correction referred to, whilst greatly enhancing their defining qualities, has had the imevitable collateral effect of rendering these lenses extremely sensitive to discrepancies in the thickness of the cover-glasses and to changes in the tube length. When these objectives are used it is therefore either necessary to adhere rigorously to the","page":20},{"file":"p0021.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"21\nprescribed cover-glass thickness and the standard tube length or, to avoid the sacrifice of much valuable time on the selection of appropriate cover-glasses, they should be provided with correction collars (see pp. 10 and 22).\nOur lowest power objectives a0, at, a., and as are simple achromatic lenses. The mount of Objective a0 is so arranged that, despite its long focus, it does not require the microscope tube to be racked far above its usual height. To this end the screw threads are on a cylindrical extension of the mount, which causes the lens to occupy a position some distance up the tube when the objective is attached, as shown in Fig. 7. This objective cannot be used accordingly in conjunction with a revolving nosepiece or other objective changer, vertical illuminator or similar intermediate fitting. Objective is optically identical with a\u201e, except that it is so mounted that the lens remains outside the tube: With the lens so mounted the optical tube length is rather longer than with the Objective a0 and hence the magnifications of the objective and the eyepieces combined exceed those resulting in the case of a\u201e.\nObjective a* (Fig. 8) is a combination system consisting of two achromatic lenses, the distance between which can be varied by means of a ring RR after the manner of a correction collar, whereby the magnification furnished by the lens and eyepiece combined can be varied within a range of one hundred per cent, whilst the index travels from 0 to 10 on the scale.\nOur D* Water Immersion Lens was introduced in 1890. It was designed to facilitate the study under fairly high magnifications (200 to 500 diameters) of living objects floating in water. Its exceptionally long working distance enables an observer to follow these moving organisms within a pretty wide range in an up and down direction.\nThe objective may be used with and without cover-glass and defines equally well with fresh water and sea water.\nOwing to its long working distance the D* Objective is particularly well adapted for use in conjunction with apparatus devised for the examination of fluids containing ultra-microscopic particles (See our booklet Mikro 229, Third Edition, page 8).\nThe Water Immersion Objective PI, originally introduced by us in 1898 under the name Plankton Searcher, resembles the D* lens in its character and serves similar purposes. Having a long focus it is adapted for work under low magnifications only and with a numerical aperture of 0.11 it combines a free working distance of no less than 36 mm and a considerable depth of focus. The glasses used in the construction of this objective, whilst perfectly proof against the action of water, endow the lens with well-nigh apochromatic qualities.\n\u00c4s a convenience for use with this objective we supply with it a special Glass Vessel No. 12.8720, being a glass disc with a tall glass cylinder cemented thereto, which is likewise adapted for use with the paired objectives (Pi) listed on page 23.\nNo.\ti Marks j Codeword\n12.8720 Glass Vessel for Objectives PI and (Pi) ... 3.50 Miagolammo","page":21},{"file":"p0022.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"22\nList of Achromatic Objectives.\n\t|\t\t\tWhen used in conjunc-\t\t\t\n\t1\tEqui-\t\ttion with aHuyghenian\t\t\t\n\t\t\tNume-\tEyepiece No. 2\t\t\t\n\t\tvalent\trical\twith a tube length\t\tPrice\t\nClass\tDesignation\tFocal\tAper- ture\tof 160 mm\t\t\tCodeword\n\t\tLength\t\tFree\tDiameter of Object as seen\t\t\n\t\t\t\tWorking\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tDistance\tmicroscope\t\t\n\t\tmm\t\tmm\tmm\tMarks ,\t\n\t\t45\t\t32\t14\t12.-\tMiagolando\n\ta!\t45\t\u2014\t61\t10\t12.-\tMiagolana\n\ta,\t37\t\u2014\t43\t7.5\t12.-\tMiagolante\n\ta*\t28\t\u2014\t27\t5.2\t12.-\tMiagolare\n\ta*\t43-29\t\u2014\t10\u201442\t9 \u2014 20\t40.\u2014\tMiago/asse\n\taa\t26\t0.17\t14\t4\t27.-\tMiagolassi\n\tA\t15\t0.20\t9\t2\t20.-\tMiago /as ti\n\tAA\t17\t0.30\t7.5\t2.5\t30.-\tMi ago I a ta\nDry\tB\t12\t0.35\t3\t1.5\t30.-\tMiagolato\nSeries\tC\t7\t0.40\t1.8\t0.9\t30.-\tMiagolava\n\tD\t4.2\t0.65\t0.6\t0.5\t35.\u2014\tMiagolerai\n\tDDi)\t4.3\t0.85\t0.4\t0.5\t50.-\tMiagolerei\n\t\u2014\u2014j^with Correct-\t\t\t\t\t70.-\tMiagoiero\n\t' ion Collar\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\tEt)\t2.8\t0.90\t0.25\t0.35\t60.-\tMiagoli\n\t_i. with Correct -1\tion Collar\t\t\t\t\t80.\u2014\tMiagoliamo\n\tFt)\t1.8\t0.90\t0.17\t0.23\t75.\u2014\tMiagoliate\n\t-\u25a0.with Correct-ion Collar\t\t\t\t\t95.\u2014\tMiagolino\n\tPI\t25\t0.11\t36\t4\t20.\u2014\tMiagolio\nWater Immer-\tD*\t4.4\t0.75\t1.5\t0.55\t75.\u2014\tMiagolo\nsion\tJ\t1.8\t1.18\t0.2\t0.23\t110.\u2014\tMiais\nLenses\t. withCorrect-\t\t\t\t\t130.-\tMiaja\n\tIon Collar\t\t\t\t\t\t\nOil\t1\tj_\"\t1.8\t1.25\t0.15\t0.25\t100.\u2014\tMialet\nImmer-\t12\t\t\t\t\t\t\nsion\ti\u00a5'F,t)\t1.8\t1.30\t0.13\t0.22\t140.\u2014\tMia/gia\nLenses\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nFor\tthe meaning of the terms Free Working Distance and\t\t\t\t\t\tDiameter\nof Object as seen under the microscope see pp. 14 and 16.\nRegarding the Immersion Fluid to be used with the Oil Immersion Lenses see note on page 11.\nf) These objectives contain fluorite lenses.","page":22},{"file":"p0023.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"23\n* Paired Objectives for Binocular Microscopes.\nFor use with binocular microscopes we supply adjusted Pairs of Objectives PI (Water Immersion), a3, a,, a0 and one of still lower power with a focus of 55 mm. These objectives are specially mounted on metal slides and are identified by the following notation: (55), (a^>, (a?), (aT), (Pi).\nNotation\t(D\t\t\\ ^\t(T\\ yOy\t\u00ae\nPrice of Pair Marks\t45.-\t45.-\t45.-\t45.\u2014\t|\t55.\u2014\nCodeword\tMiaiham\tMiathar\tMialharia\tNialmas\tMiami\nThe (aT) Pair of Objectives is supplied with Slip-on Stops, which should be used when the image is required to be uniformly sharp up to the margin.\nA note respecting the nature and purpose of Objectives (pj( will be found on page 21.\nA Table of Magnifications, Free Working Distances and Areas of Objects included in the field of Paired Objectives used in conjunction with the Paired Eyepieces of a Binocular Microscope is given on page 26.\nE. Huyghenian and Orthoscopic Eyepieces.\nFor use with achromatic objectives we provide a series of Huyghenian Eyepieces of different powers. The focal lengths of these eyepieces are so arranged that the eyepiece magnifications which result when they are used with high power lenses on a tube of a true length of 160 mm follow the sequence 3, 4, 5.5, 7 and 9.\nWe would here point out expressly that the Huyghenian Eyepieces are intended for use with achromatic objectives only.\nCompensating Eyepieces may be used in conjunction with those achromatic objectives only whose numerical aperture exceeds 0.65, i. e. from Objective DD uppwards.\nTo obtain higper eyepiece magnifications than are furnished by the ordinary Huyghenian Eyepieces we make two Orthoscopic Eyepieces, No. 6 and No. 7 respectively, with a considerably Enlarged Field of View, whose eye point, as in the Compensating Eyepieces, lies at a convenient height above the eye lens.\nEyepieces designed for special purposes are described on pp. 85\u201487 and 101\u2014105.","page":23},{"file":"p0024.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"24\nList of Huyghenian and Orthoscopic Eyepieces\na) For Monocular Microscopes:\nEyepiece Number\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\nEquivalent Focus in mm\ti 50\t40\t30\t25\t20\t15\t9\nEyepiece Magnification about\t3\t4\t5.5\t7\t9\t12\t20\nPrice\tMarks\t6.\u2014\t6.\u2014\t6.-\t6.\u2014\t6.-\t25.-\t25.-\nCodeword\tMi ami a\tMi am os\tMianabug Mianada\t\tMiando\tMianmai\tMiaou\nb) For Binocular Microscopes:\nPaired Eyepieces\nnyepiece ivumDer\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6 7\nPrice\tMarks\t12.-\t12.-\t12.\u2014\t12.\u2014\t12.\u2014\t50.-\t50.-\nCodeword\tMiapia\t[ Miapiuio\tMiaras\tMiaremos\tMiares\tMiaretis Miargyrit\nF. Tables of Magnifications.\nTable of Magnifications obtained with \u00c4pochromatic Objectives and Compensating Eyepieces Calculated for a Tube-length of 160 mm and an Image Distance\nof 250 mm.\nFocal Length\nSearcher\nEyepiece\nWorking Eyepieces\nmm\tI 2\t4\t6\t8\t12\t18\n16\tII 31\t62\t94\t125\t187\t281\n8\t62\t125\t187\t250\t375\t562\n4\t125\t250\t375\t500\t750\t1125\n3\t167\t333\t500\t667\t1000\t1500\n2.5\t200\t400\t600\t800\t1200\t1800\n2\t250\t500\t750\t1000\t1500\t2250\n1.5\t333\t667\t1000\t1334\t2000\t3000\nWhen the objectives are attached to the microscope by means of a Revolving Nosepiece or Sliding Objective Changer 15 mm should be allowed for the depth of the Nosepiece and 22 mm for that of the Sliding Objective Changer when adjusting the tube-length (See page 49).","page":24},{"file":"p0025.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"25\nTable of Magnifications obtained with Achromatic Objectives and Huyghenian Eyepieces Calculated for a Tube-length of 160 mm and an Image Distance\nof 250 mm.\nObjective\t;\tHuyghenian Eyepieces\t\t\t\tOrthoscopic Eyepieces\t\n\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\na\u00bb\t4.5\t7\t\t14\t18\t23\t38\nal\t7\t10\t16\t20\t28\t35\t57\na.\t11\t15\t23\t28\t37\t47\t75\na3\t20\t26\t38\t47\t55\t68\t110\na*\t3 \u2014 8\t5\u201412\t8\u201418\t10 \u2014 22\t15 \u2014 31\t20 \u2014 40\t32 \u2014 63\naa\t24\t31\t46\t57\t75\t95\t150\nA\t42\t54\t79\t97\t130\t165\t260\nAA\t39\t50\t73\t90\t120\t150\t240\nB\t58\t74\t110\t130\t180\t225\t360\nC\t100\t125\t180\t225\t300\t370\t590\nD\t175\t220\t330\t385\t550\t680\t1100\nDD\t170\t210\t315\t365\t530\t650\t1050\nE\t275\t345\t505\t620\t830\t1030\t1650\nF\t410\t510\t735\t900\t1260\t1540\t2500\nPI\t26\t33\t48\t60\t80\t100\t160\nD*\t170\t210\t315\t365\t530\t650\t1050\nJ\t410\t515\t750\t920\t1280\t1570\t2540\n1\" 12\t410\t515\t750\t920\t1280\t1570\t2540\nWhen the objectives are attached to the microscope by means of a Revolving Nosepiece or Sliding Objective Changer 15 mm should be allowed for the depth of the Nosepiece and 22 mm for that of the Sliding Objective Changer when adjusting the tube-length (see page 49).","page":25},{"file":"p0026.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"26\nTable of Magnifications obtained with High Power Achromatic Objectives and Compensating Eyepieces.\nObjectives\nCompensating Eyepieces\n\t2\t4\t6\t8\t12\t18\nDD\t110\t220\t330\t440\t660\t990\nE\t180\t360\t540\t720\t1080\t1620\nF\t260\t520\t780\t1040\t1560\t2340\nJ\t260\t520\t780\t1040\t1560\t2340\n1\" 12\t260\t520\t780\t1040\t1560\t2340\nTable of Magnifications, Free Working Distances and Areas of Object included in the Field of View of Objectives Paired for Binocular Microscopes.\nPaired Objectives\nI! @\t\t\t\t\t\u00a9\t\t\t\t\t\nFree Working Distance mm\t70\t\t54 without stops\t40 with stops\t40\t\t30\t\t35\t\nPaired Eyepieces\tMagni- fication\tDiameter of Object included in the Field of View mm\tMagni- fication\tDiameter of Object included in the Field of View mm\tMagni- fication\tDiameter of Object included in the Field of View mm\tMagni- fication\tDiameter of Object included in theField of View mm\tMagni- fication\tDiameter of Object included in theField of View mm\n1\t8\t13\t14\t7.5\t20\t5\t31\t3.3\t37\t3\n2\t9\t13\t15\t7.5\t23\t5\t35\t3.3\t42\t3\n3\t13\t10.5\t22\t6.5\t32\t4.2\t50\t2.7\t60\t2.5\n4\t16\t8.5\t27\t4.8\t40\t3.3\t61\t2.2\t73\t2\n5\t23\t6.2\t39\t3.6\t57\t2.5\t88\t1.6\t105\t1.4\n6\t26\t7.1\t46\t4.1\t67\t2.7\t103\t1.8\t121\t1.6\n7\t44\t4.1\t77\t2.4\t112\t1.6\t172\t1.1\t200\t1","page":26},{"file":"p0027.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"27\nII. The Stands.\nA. The Illumination of the Object.\nI. Illumination by Transmitted Light,\na) Illuminating Apparatus of Stands I to IV.\nMost microscopic objects require to be viewed by transmitted light and, to accomplish this successfully under all conditions, means must be provided for varying both the angular aperture of the incident pencils of light and their direction in every conceivable manner. These requirements are completely met by the ABBE Illuminating Apparatus, which originated in our workshops in\nFig. 9. (Full Size)\na: Abbe Illuminating Apparatus with Two-lens Condenser No. 11.4120; r: Screw for clamping the condenser in its sliding sleeve; p: Button to operate the Iris Diaphragm Mo. 12.0130; b: Three-lens Condenser No. 11.4130; c: Cylinder Diaphragm No. 11.4100.","page":27},{"file":"p0028.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"28\n1872 (E. ABBE, M. Schultze\u2019s Archiv f\u00fcr Mikr. Anat., 9, 469 \u2014 480, 1873, and Gesammelte Abhandl. 1, 101 \u2014 112, Jena, 1904). It has now come into such general use and is so universally regarded as an indispensable requirement in all finer investigations that no large microscope designed for scientific observations is now-a-days without it in one form or another.\nDetailed information on the construction and application of this apparatus is contained in the Directions (Leaflet Mikro 15) which are supplied with all stands fitted with an ABBE Illuminating Apparatus.\nThe various optical combinations, or Condensers, which have been devised for use with the ABBE Illuminating Apparatus are all mounted in cylindrical fittings which slip into a Sliding Sleeve, within which they may, if necessary, be secured by means of a clamping screw r (Fig. 9). Since 1886 the apparatus includes an Iris-Diaphragm for gradually contracting or expanding the aperture of the condenser. Each condenser is supplied with a blue ground glass disc fitting a recess in the diaphragm carrier.\nWe do not supply the ABBE Illuminating Apparatus except an as integral part of Stand I, III or IV. When these stands are initially purchased without the main body of the illuminating apparatus the stand requires to be sent to our works for its subsequent adaptation. In the case of Stands III and IV, if initially fitted with an incomplete illuminating apparatus the latter can be supplemented subsequently without sending the stand to our works.\nThe following are the fittings which may be added subsequently to a Stand III or IV purchased initially with an incomplete illuminating apparatus:\nNo. 12.0120. Diaphragm Carrier (Fig. 25, B; page 55).\nNo. 12.0130. Iris Diaphragm to fit the Diaphragm Carrier.\nThe various Stops, Condensers, etc. provided for use with the ABBE Illuminating Apparatus are supplied separately, as follows:\nNo. 11.4100. Cylinder Diaphragm (Fig. 9 c), which is a cylindrical sliding fitting with three interchangeable stops 1 mm, 3 mm and 6 mm in diameter.\nNo. 11.4105. *Iris Cylinder Diaphragm. This serves for gradually changing the size of the illuminating pencil when the microscope is used without a condenser. The laminae of which the iris-diaphragm is made up are dished, so that when the iris is contracted to a pin hole it almost touches the underside of the object slide.\nThe Cylinder Diaphragm No. 11.4100 as well as the Iris Cylinder Diaphragm No. 11.4105 fit the sliding sleeve of Stand V.\nNo.\t\t! Marks\tCodeword\n12.0120\tDiaphragm Carrier\t\t2\u00b0-\tMiasma1\n12.0130\tIris Diaphragm to fit diaphragm carrier .\t.\t.\t10.\u2014\tMiasmas\n11.4100\tCylinder Diaphragm with three Interchangeable Stops \t\t1 4.\u2014\tMiaria\n11.4105\tIris Cylinder Diaphragm \t\t14.\u2014\tMiariais\n","page":28},{"file":"p0029.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"29\nNo. 11.4120. Two-lens Condenser in slide fitting (Fig. 9 a), N. R. 1.2, equivalent focus about 10 mm.\nNo. 11.4130. Three-lens Condenser in slide fitting (Fig. 9 b), N. R. 1.4, equivalent focus about 8 mm.\nNo. 11.4140. *Aplanatic Condenser in slide fitting, N. R. 1.4, equivalent focus about 10 mm.\nThese Condensers are so mounted that the front lens may be screwed off the two-lens condenser and the two front lenses in the case of the three-lens condenser. The remaining lens serves then as a long focus condenser of small aperture for observations with objectives of low power.\nWhen the condensers are required to work up to their fullest capacity in conjunction with objectives of large aperture the space between the condenser and object slide should be filled with immersion fluid.\n*Swing-out Condensers with Iris Cylinder Diaphragm (Fig. 10); No. 11.4125: Two-lens Condenser; No. 11.4135: Three-lens Condenser.\nFig. 10.\nSwing-out Condenser with Iris Diaphragm (as it appears when withdrawn from its sleeve).\n(\u00ce Full Size.)\nThis pattern was introduced by us in 1894 (Zeitschr. f. wiss. Mikr. 11, 433 \u2014 440, 1894). The advantage of this arrangement is that the condenser and iris cylinder diaphragm are combined in one apparatus. The two parts are so connected by an arrangement of hinges that the condenser can be withdrawn from the mount of the iris cylinder diaphragm and swung aside. This affords a convenient means of rapidly passing from illumination with the mirror and condenser to that with the mirror only.\nNo.\tMarks Codeword\nCondensers in slide fitting\n11.4120\tTwo-lens Condenser, N. \u00c4. 1.2................20.\u2014\tMiaron\n11.4130\tThree-lens Condenser, N. R. 1.4..............25.\u2014\tMiascite\n11.4140\tAplanatic Condenser, N. R. 1.4...............60.\u2014\tN/cropus\nSwing-out Condensers with Iris Cylinder Diaphragm 11.4125\tTwo-lens Swing-out Condenser N.\t\u00c4.\t1.2\t.\t.\t.\t45.\u2014\tMiase\n11.4135\tThree-lens Swing-out Condenser,\tN.\tR.\t1.4\t.\t.\t50.\u2014\tMiaseis","page":29},{"file":"p0030.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"30\nDetailed information respecting the construction of these condensers will be found in the Directions for Using the ABBE Illuminating Apparatus, Mikro 15.\nWhen substituting another condenser for the Swing-out Condenser, for example when proceeding to establish dark ground illumination by means of the Paraboloid Condenser, the entire body of the condenser, as shown in Fig. 10, should be withdrawn from the sliding sleeve in the substage.\nNo. 11.4220. \u00bbCentring Achromatic Condenser (Fig. 11), N. A. 1.0, equivalent focus about 14 mm.\nThis condenser has its iris-diaphragm between the lenses and hence the iris-diaphragm of the ABBE illuminating apparatus should remain opened to its full extent.\nWhen the achromatic condenser is used with the iris-diaphragm opened widely it is advisable to place a drop of immersion fluid between the condenser and the object slide.\n20\nFig. 11.\tObjective in Centring Adapter No. 11.4241\nCentring Achromatic Condenser No. 11.4220.\tfor Microscope Objectives.\n(Full Size.)\t(Full Size.)\nNo. 11.4241. \u00bbCentring Adapter for Microscope Objectives when used as condensers (Fig 12).\nIn many instances it is an advantage to use microscope objectives as illuminators instead of the condensers specified above. We supply for this purpose a sliding sleeve with centring collar into which these objectives may be screwed and which fits into the sleeve of the illuminating apparatus.\nNo. 11.4250. Quartz Condensor, N. A. 1.3. This condenser serves for the illumination of ultra-microscopic particles with ultra-violet light.\nOne of the purposes for which the Quartz Condenser is adapted is the study of luminescence in microscopic objects (Luminescence Microscope, parti-\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n11.4220\tCentring Achromatic Condenser, N. A. 1.0, in\t\t\n\tcase\t\t75.-\tMiasen\n11.4241\tCentring Adapter for Microscope Objectives\t\t\n\twhen these are to be used as condensers .\t.\t12.\u2014\tMiaskite\n11.4250\tQuartz Condenser, N. A. 1.3, with interchangeable\t\t\n\tupper part making the aperture 0.8\t\t70.-\tMiasm","page":30},{"file":"p0031.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"31\nculars of which will be furnished an enquiry). It is likewise necessary for taking photo-micrographs with ultra-violet light (\u201cMikro 170\u201c).\nThe Quartz Condenser is supplied with two interchangeable fronts. One of these consists of two lenses and imparts to the combination a numerical aperture of 1.3, the other consists of a single lens and makes the aperture 0.8, whilst with the back lens only the aperture becomes 0.3. The condenser mount is so arranged that it can be slipped into the Centring Adapter No. 11.4241 (Fig. 12). The mount of the condenser has an iris-diaphragm attached cencen-trically to it.\nObjects intended for use with this condenser should be mounted on slides of crystallised quartz (No. 12.8900, page 105), the thickness of which amounts to about 0.5 mm. Under certain conditions object slides of U.-V. glass may be used for this purpose.\nWhen any of these above condenser fittings are required for a microscope obtained oh a previous occasion it will be necessary to send as a gauge a condenser or cylinder diaphragm belonging to the existing microscope.\nb) Illuminating Apparatus for Stands V.\nStands of the No. V pattern are not equipped with the full sized ABBE illuminating apparatus and in its place are fitted with a simplified illuminator. For use with these stands we supply distinct condenser and diaphragm fittings which slip into a sliding sleeve attached to the underside of the stage. The standard sleeve has a diameter of 36.8 mm and will likewise receive the Cylinder Diaphragm No. 11.4100 and the Iris Cylinder Diaphragm No. 11.4105 (page 28).\nNo. 11.4310. \u00bbSimplified Illuminating Apparatus, consisting of a condenser of N. A. 1.0 in cylindrical sliding mount and an iris-diaphragm permanently attached concentrically with the condenser.\nThe condenser is the same as that which forms part of No. 11.4410.\nThe Iris Diaphragm of the Illuminating Apparatus No. 11.4310 provides a means for the attachment of the No. II Polariser No. 12.7802 (page 94).\nNo. 11.4320. \u00bbSimplified Illuminating Apparatus consisting of a condenser of N. A. 1.2 in a cylindrical sliding mount and an iris-diaphragm permanently attached concentrically with the condenser.\nThe subjoined fitting may be obtained separately:\nNo. 12.0310. Condenser Sliding Sleeve of 36.8 mm inside diameter. This fitting can be fitted subsequently to Stands of the VA pattern (page 61) when the latter are to be used with the Condensers No. 11.4310 or 11.4320 or the Paraboloid Condenser No. 11.4510.\nNo. 11.4310\tSimplified Illuminating Apparatus with Condenser of N. A. 1.0, for Stand V\t\tMarks 24.-\tCodeword Miasmata\n11.4320\tSimplified Illuminating Apparatus with Condenser of N. A. 1.2, for Stand V\t\t30.-\tMiasmatico\n12.0310\tCondenser Sliding Sleeve of 36.8 mm diameter for Stand VA\t\t1.50\tMiasmatisch","page":31},{"file":"p0032.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"32\nc) Illuminating Apparatus for Stand VI.\nStand VI is likewise of a design which does not admit of the adaptation of the full sized flBBE illuminating apparatus. Like Stand V, it is fitted with a sliding sleeve at the underside of the stage. The diameter of the latter in the case of Stand VI is only 20 mm. We supply the following fittings for the sliding sleeve:\nNo. 11.4400. Cylinder Diaphragm with three interchangeable stops.\nNo. 11.4405. *Iris Cylinder Diaphragm.\nNo. 11.4410. Simplified Illuminating Apparatus with a two-lens condenser of N. R. 1.0 and focus of about 7 mm, and having an iris diaphragm permanently attached concentrically with it. The condenser is optically identical with No. 11.4310.\nWhen ordering No. 11.4405 or No. 11.4410 independently of the stand a cylinder diaphragm forming part of its equipment should be sent by way of a gauge.\nNo polarising apparatus has been designed for Stand VI, since, being without a revolving stage, it is not adapted for work with polarised light.\nII. Dark Ground Illumination.\nThe methods of ultra-microscopic observation described by SIEDENTOPF and ZSIGMONDY in 1903 had the effect of reviving the interest in the method of dark ground illumination, which had almost come to be forgotten. By the application of modern optical resources the old methods were improved upon in the course of the succeeding few years and optical combinations were devised which could be used successfully for the purposes of scientific investigations. Results of modern research show most unmistakably that observation by the method of dark ground illumination is as valuable and trustworthy as the observation by transmitted light. Indeed the improved appliances which have been devised for dark ground illumination bring into view objects which belong already to the domain of ultra-microscopically small objects. It is, however, neither necessary nor advantageous to employ for the observation of microscopic objects in a dark field such highly corrected condensers as have been devised for the observation of finest colloid particles, as these appliances from their very nature demand the most rigorous attention to the directions which govern their successful use. Where the observation is of a less exacting nature this cannot fail to prove irksome, yet any attempt to relax these requirements is bound to vitiate the results of the observation.\nNo.\tMarks\tCodewords\n11.4400 Cylinder Diaphragm with three interchangeable stops for Stand VI\t\t\tMiasmatist\n11.4405 Iris Cylinder Diaphragm for Stand VI . . .\t8. -\tN/asmatous\n11.4410 Simplified Illuminating Apparatus for Stand VI\t22.-\tMiasme","page":32},{"file":"p0033.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"33\nDark Ground Illumination furnishes a valuable means for bringing into view Objects which are either smaller than about 1 u in all three dimensions, such as the smallest cocci and the particles of colloid solutions and serum, or which have at least two dimensions which are less than 1 u. Examples of such objects are furnished by fibres, fine crystalline needles, fissures, edges, rods, bacteria and similar forms. Under dark ground illumination these objects can be seen without difficulty, whereas in transmitted light they are either very difficult to see or can only be rendered clearly distinguishable by certain artificial aids, such as the use of stains and mordants in the case of bacteria. \u00c4nother class of objects which is adapted for observation by the method of dark ground illumination consists in laminar bodies having a surface presenting regular markings, such as diatoms, and also unhomogenous objects whose thickness does not exceed the range of penetration of the objective and whose structure is discernible by reason of dissimilarities in refraction rather than by differences in colouring, say.\nObservation by dark ground illumination has the further advantage that it fatigues the eye in a far less degree than observation by transmitted light in a field which is often brightly illuminated. R field produced by dark ground illumination is moreover free from entoptical phenomena, and hence one is at liberty to use high eyepiece magnifications.\nIt goes without saying that observations by the method of dark ground illumination cannot under all circumstances take the place of that by transmitted light; on the other hand, it supplies an admirable check upon observations made with transmitted light.\nUnless the magnification is very low all dark ground illumination should be produced by meams of artificial light. The Micro Nernst Lamp No. 13.9120 (p. 108) and the Micro \u00c4rc Lamp No. 13.9160 (p. 109) are particularly well adapted for this purpose. The Directions referred to in the succeeding pages supply the requisite information respecting other sources of light which may be required.\nFor dark ground illumination we supply the appliances described below. Hints respecting the choice of a suitable equipment for ultra-microscopic observation are contained in our publication bearing the reference Mikro 308.\nNo. 11.4500. Central Stop for the Immersion Condenser of N. R. 1.4.\nThis stop is placed under the widely opened iris-diaphragm of the flBBE illuminating apparatus. The object slide should be placed upon the microscope stage and joined to the condenser by a drop of water or cedarwood oil in such a manner as to exclude the presence of air bubbles. This is sufficient to establish dark ground illumination by total reflection with all lenses of the dry series (Fig. 13). The condenser of the N. \u00c4. 1.4 (No. 11.4130 or No. 11.4135, page 29) is always employed for this purpose as an immersion condenser.\nNo. j\tMarks\tCodeword\n11.4500 Central Stop for dark ground illumination\nfor use with the Immersion Condenser of N. R. 1.4\t1.50\tMicantia","page":33},{"file":"p0034.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"34\nThe multiple reflections which occur within the condenser detract a little from the quality of the dark field. Also when the dark ground stop in the diaphragm carrier is not absolutely central with respect to the axis of the condenser the chromatic defects of the latter reveal themselves by a coloured illumination. The Central Stop furnishes accordingly a satisfactory dark ground illumination with objectives of low and itnermediate powers only. When objectives of a higher power are used, say from the DD and 4 mm apochro-matic objective upwards, the objective should at all events be fitted with Hanging Stops (Paraboloid Stops), as described below in connection with the Paraboloid Condenser. Detailed information is also given in the Directions bearing the reference Mikro 231 and in a paper published in the Zeitschr. f. wiss. Mikr. 24, 13\u201420, 1907.\nFig. 13.\tFig. 14.\nTrace of Rays trough the Condenser Trace of Rays trough the Paraboloid of N. A. 1.4 with Central Stop.\tCondenser.\nNo. 11.4505. *Slit Stop for demonstrating that the manner in which edges, needles, fibres, lines, fissures, etc. come into view are governed by the azimuth of the illuminating pencils.\nThis Slit Stop is manipulated in the same manner as the central stop. The observation may also be made with the two-lens condenser of N. \u00c4. 1.2, which should likewise be used on the immersion principle. Details will be found in the Zeitschr. f. wiss. Mikr. 25, 424\u2014430, 1908. With the slit stop we supply a plankton preparation adapted for demonstrating the principle for which the stop has been devised.\nNo. 11.4510. Paraboloid Condenser.\nThis condenser furnishes an illumination of much greater intensity than the Immersion Condenser and Central Stop, in that it has a better spherical correction and is perfectly achromatic. It produces also greater contrasts as there are no separated lenses, which by multiple reflections are liable to give rise to hazy images.\nNo. 11.4505\tSlit Stop fitting the substage diaphragm carrier,\tMarks\tCodeword\n\twith demonstration object\t\t2.\u2014\tMicantis\n11.4510\tParaboloid Condenser, in case\t\t40.\u2014\tMicantibus","page":34},{"file":"p0035.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"35\nThe Paraboloid Condensers are made to push into the substage collars o! Stands I to IV in the same manner as the bright-field condensers, in the case ol Stand V it should be pushed into the sliding sleeve below the stage of the microscope, the condenser or stop having been removed.\nWith other stands the Paraboloid Condenser cannot be used without special adaptation, unless the substage condenser sleeve happens to have a diameter of 36.8 mm. Failing this, the stand requires to be sent to us for adaptation. In the case of large stands which are not of our make it is generally sufficient to send as a gauge the existing condenser or a diaphragm cylinder with a stop attached.\nThe object slide should be placed on the microscope stage and joined to the Paraboloid Condenser by a drop of water or cedarwood oil, care being taken to obviate the introduction of air bubbles. With all dry lenses this suffices to establish dark ground illumination by total reflection at the cover-glass (Fig. 14).\nWith dry lenses of very high powers the contrasts in the image may be accentu-. ated by employing so-called Paraboloid Stops, which reduce the aperture of the objectives to about 0.8. These stops are hung from above into the mounts of the objectives, and suitable stops of this kind are supplied for the Objectives DD, E, F, J, and tV\" as well as the Apochromatic Objectives of 4 mm and shorter foci. Their use is quite indispensable with immersion lenses since in their case dark ground illumination is not produced by total reflection at the surface of the cover-glass but arises from the fact that the illumination of the object is furnished exclusively by pencils of apertures above 1.0, whereas none but rays having apertures much below 1.0 can pass the stop hung into the objective. Under these conditions reflections cannot entirely be eliminated within the immersion lenses, and consequently the resulting contrast is less pronounced than that obtaining with dry lenses. The necessarily very considerable reduction of the aperture has naturally the effect of robbing the objectives of their superior resolving power. There is accordingly no advantage in using immersion lenses for observation by dark ground illumination, excepting as a means of securing high magnifications or when working without a gover-glass.\nIn the event of an objective and the Paraboloid Condenser being ordered at the same time we supply the appropriate Paraboloid Stops free of charge.\nWhen arc light or sunlight is used in conjunction with a converging lens the Paraboloid Condenser becomes available for instantaneous photo-micrographic work and for obtaining cinematograph films of living bacteria, spermatozoa, etc. (Zeitschr. f. wiss. Mikr. 25, 446 \u2014 450, 1908).\nDirections respecting the use of the Paraboloid Condenser are supplied in our booklet Mikro 230. For further information the reader is referred to papers published in the Z.-S. f. wiss. Mikr. 24, 104\u2014108, 1907, and 25, 195 \u2014 199 and 273\u2014282, 1908.\nWhen ordering Paraboloid Stops at any subsequent time the objectives for which they are required should be sent to us for adaptation, otherwise we cannot answer for their satisfactory performance.\nNo.\nMarks\nParaboloid Stops, for Objectives DD, E, F, J, tV\" and Apochromatic Objectives of 4 mm and shorter foci 1.\u2014\nCodeword\nNicantior","page":35},{"file":"p0036.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"36\nNo. 11.4560. *Small Plankton Condenser.\nThe Paraboloid Condenser does not admit of a larger area than 2 to 3 mm across being illuminated, not even when the light is diffused by being made to pass through ground glass. For the purpose of surveying more extensive objects, such as Plankton, the requisite larger field of 6 to 7 mm can be realised by means of a specially devised dark ground illuminating arrangement for large objects, which is adapted for taking photo-micrographs with the Microplanar of 20 mm focus (see Price List respecting the Large Projection Apparatus, 2nd Edition, page 14, Reference Mikro 239), the requisite light being furnished by an arc lamp. This arrangement consists of the so-called Small Plankton Condenser, an Arc Lamp taking a small current, and a powerful Condensing Lens of an apertural ratio of about F/1.8, its focal length being about 78 mm (No. 13.9160, page 109).\nThe Small Plankton Condenser fits into the sliding substage collar of our Stands Nos. 1 to V. The condenser is longer than the other condensers. When applied to any of the Stands I to IV it prevents the pivoted fitting which accommodates the diaphragm carrier from being swung into position. When used with Stand V the condenser should not be pushed into the sliding collar right up to the bottom flange, otherwise it will project beyond the microscope stage. The condenser is also available for use with the Binocular Stand Xfl, provided this is fitted with a substage sliding collar.\nFor ocular observation the Small Plankton Condenser can be used with low power objectives covering a large field, including Objective A and the Apochro-matic Objective of 16 mm focus. For this purpose bright daylight will generally suffice to provide the requisite intensity.\nIn addition to the appliances for dark ground illumination which we have devised for the observation of microscopic objects we supply Ultra Microscopic Devixes for the Observation of Ultra Micrones contained in solid and liquid colloids. These appliances are developments and improvements of the original apparatus introduced by us in 1903.\nWe supply the apparatus in two forms, viz, SIEDENTOPF and ZSIGMONDY\u2019S Slit Ultra Microscope for solid and liquid colloids and SlEDENTOPF\u2019s Cardioid Ultra Microscope for liquid colloids.\nDetailed information respecting these ultra Microscopes will be found in our booklets Mikro 229 and Mikro 306 respectively.\nNo.\t1 Marks Codeword\n11.4560 Small Plankton Condenser, in case .... 25.\u2014 Micantium","page":36},{"file":"p0037.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"37\nIII. Illumination by Incident Light.\nFor the examination o! opaque objects, metallurgical specimens, etc. it is desirable and often necessary to provide a suitable device for adequately illuminating the object from above. When the free working distance of the objective is sufficiently long the object can generally be viewed by daylight or lamplight such as can be made to fall on it without any special aids and, when desirable, the lighting can be improved by placing in front of the microscope a Bull\u2019s Eye Condenser (No. 13.9250, p. 110). This applies to low power objectives up to AA, say. With higher powers, from Objective B upwards the working distance is too short to admit of direct illumination from without, and in all these cases it becomes necessary to illuminate the object by light passed through the objective. This is accomplished with the aid of a Vertical Illuminator.\nb: Reflecting Prism.\nK: Button for Turning the Reflecting Prism.\nB\n25\nFig. 15.\nVertical Illuminator, No. 12.0400.\n(Full Size.)\nA:\tB:\nVertical Illuminator attached to microscope\tView from above,\ntube and carrying an Objective C in short mount; showing one half in cross section.\nNo. 11.0400. * Vertical Illuminator (Fig. 15). The mount of the apparatus has at the side a window, through which the light proceeding from the lamp falls upon a reflecting prism covering half the aperture of the objective. Undergoing total reflection at the oblique face of the prism, the light traverses the objective and is thus concentrated upon the object. It will be understood that the presence of the Vertical Illuminator does not encroach upon the field of view.\nTo secure the best results while using the Vertical Illuminator it is most essential that the back lens of the objective should approach the prism as closely as possible, and hence all objectives intended to be used with the Vertical Illuminator should be fitted with specially shortened mounts. This does not interfere with their use for ordinary observation, provided they are not specially corrected in other respects. As a rule, objectives so mounted are corrected for a mechanical\nNo. j\tj Marks \u2019 Codeword\n12.0400 Vertical Illuminator, in case............................18.\u2014 Micanio","page":37},{"file":"p0037s0001.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"rMLZEisti\n(TjHgj\nMikro 184, Beilage Nr. 3.\nBetrifft die Seiten 37 und 38.\nYertikalilluminator Nr. 12.0400, Preis Ji 18.\u2014, Telegr.-Wort: Micanto, wird nicht mehr hergestellt, weil es sich gezeigt hat, da\u00df zur einwandfreien Beleuchtung eines Objektes eine Irisblende notwendig ist. Dagegen f\u00fchren wir die Vertikalilluminatoren Nr. 12.0410 und Nr. 12.0450 weiter.\nInfolge zweckm\u00e4\u00dfiger Verbesserungen im Fabrikationsverfahren konnten wir die Preise beider Apparate von Ji 38.\u2014 auf Ji 25.\u2014 erm\u00e4\u00dfigen:\nNr. 12.0410 Vertikalilluminator nach Nach et mit Irisblende,\nim Beh\u00e4lter . . Ji 25.\u2014\tTelegr.-Wort: Middelding\nNr. 12.0450 Vertikalilluminator nach Beck mit Irisblende,\nim Beh\u00e4lter . . JC 25.\u2014\tTelegr.-Wort: Middelen\nG. X 14.","page":0},{"file":"p0038.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"38\ntube-length of 190 mm. When setting the draw-tube, the depth of the Vertical Illuminator should be deducted from this length, assuming the illuminator to be attached to the tube without any intermediate adapter.\nObjects mounted under a cover-glass cannot be viewed through the Vertical Illuminator with dry lenses owing to the reflection of light which occurs at the cover-glass and in this case it will be necessary to use an oil-immersion lens to obviate the ocurrence of reflection. As a general rule objects so viewed should be uncovered, which again necessitates all objective of higher powers from the Apochromatic 8-mm Objective and the Achromatic D Objective upwards being specially mounted for the absence of a cover-glass. Objectives so adjusted cannot, of course, be used for examining objects mounted under a cover-glass in the usual way. It is always advisable to cut down the pencil of light which proceeds from the lamp until it just covers that portion of the object which can be seen through the objective. This can readily be accomplished by illuminating the object with the aid of a bull\u2019s eye lens fitted with an iris-diaphragm. Suitable incandescent gas lamps and electric glow lamps are Items Nos. 13.9200 and 13.9210 listed on page 110.\nFull particulars respecting the management of the Vertical Illuminator are given in the Directions, Mikro 89.\nNo. 12.0410. NACHET\u2019s Vertical Illuminator with Iris Diaphragm.\nIn its general arrangement this illuminator resembles No. 12.0400, from which it differs only in that the window at the side is fitted with a small iris-diaphragm. This serves like the iris-diaphragm of the ABBE illuminating apparatus to limit the aperture of the illuminating pencil.\nNo. 12.0450. BECK\u2019s Vertical Illuminator with Iris Diaphragm (Fig. 16).\nThis Vertical Illuminator has the reflecting prism replaced by a plane glass inclined at an angle of 45\u00b0 to the axis of the microscope. This arrangement has the advantage that it leaves the entire aperture of the objective free for observation, in consequence of which it is preferable for observations under a high magnification in that it does not interfere with the resolving power of the objectives.\nFor use with the Binocular Microscopes we provide a special illuminating arrangement, which will be described as part of these microscopes (p. 73).\nNo.\t! Marks Codeword\n12.4010 NACHET\u2019s Vertical Illuminator with Iris-dia-\nphragm, in case..................................38.\u2014 Nicantor\n12.4050 BECK\u2019s Vertical Illuminator with Iris-diaphragm,\nin case..........................................38.\u2014 Micare\nFig. 16.\nVertical Illuminator with Iris Diaphragm and Plane Glass (Full Size.)","page":38},{"file":"p0039.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"39\nB. Microscope Stages.\nIn their simplest forms the Stands of the Nos. Ill to V patterns are fitted with fixed round stages. The dimensions of the stages are such as to enable them to accommodate any of the usual sizes of object stages.\nThe Stage Opening of most stages has a diameter of 33 mm to admit of the unrestricted use of long focus lenses capable of embracing a large field of view. This opening can be reduced to 20 mm by the insertion of a stage diaphragm which fits the larger opening. The stages of Stands VA and VI have openings of a diameter of 17 mm only.\nStand VI is supplied with fixed square stage only.\nStands of the No. I pattern are fitted with Revolving Stages; whilst of the other stands Nos. Ill, IV and V only can be fitted with revolving stages either initially or at some subsequent date.\nMechanical Stages or devices for mechanically displacing objects in the plane of the stage can be appended to Stands I, III, IV and V.\nOf Movable Stages we supply the following types:\nNo. 12.0630. Simplified Mechanical Stage (Fig. 17).\nThe Simplified Mechanical Stage is a round non-revolving metal stage fitted with a movable plate. It is designed on the lines of the centring stages. The stage housing which carries the movable stage plate is attached by four screws to the stage bracket on the microscope in the same way as the fixed round stages. Within this housing the stage plate proper is capable of displacement by means of two screws with cylindrical milled heads against the tension of a buffer spring. The screws and the buffer spring are spaced at equal distances and hence the motions of the stage are only approximately at right angles to each other. A frontal backward and forward movement can be imparted to the stage by operating the two screws jointly and in the same sense, whilst a transverse motion can be obtained by operating them jointly in opposite directions\u00bb i. e. both outwards or both inwards. The range of the displacement is nearly 10 mm.\nThe stage plate has a diameter of 10 cm. The stage opening has the usual diameter of 33 mm and is fitted with a ring stop having an aperture of 20 mm.\nThe Simplified Mechanical Stage can be fitted to the Stands III, IV and V in the place of the fixed round stage. It may also be substituted for the latter\nNo.\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.0630 Simplified Mechanical Stage (without substage\nsleeve)......................................17.\u2014\tMiauler","page":39},{"file":"p0040.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"40\nat any subsequent date. In the case of Stand V it is, in addition, fitted with a substage sleeve for the reception of the condensers. When subsequently obtaining a stage for a Stand V this sleeve fitting should be ordered likewise (No. 12.0311). If an existing sleeve is to be used it should be sent for adaptation.\nVi hen supplying a Simplified Mechanical Stage as a subsequently added fitting we cannot accept in part exchange the existing fixed round stage.\nNo. 12.0640. Simplified Revolving Mechanical Stage.\nIn this pattern of the Simplified Mechanical Stage the movable plate is capable of being rotated. The stage is in this case available for use as a revolving and centring stage or as a mechanical stage. Being capable of rotation, the adaptation of this stage renders a microscope to which it is fitted available for work in polarised light. When required for use with Stand V it should be fitted with a substage sleeve similar to Item No. 12.0630.\nNo. 12.0656. Revolving Metal Stage.\nThe stands IV F and V D are fitted with a graduated metal stage which revolves about a fixed centre. This stage can be attached to the Stands III, IV and V in the place of the fixed stage when these stands are required to be fitted for work with polarised light. Hs this stage cannot be centred the deficiency requires to be supplied by providing a Centring \u00c4dapter No. 12.9210, page 106) for the attachment of the objective to the microscope tube. In the case of Stand V the stage should be fitted with the Substage Condenser Sleeve No. 12.0312.\nFig. 17.\nSimplified Mechanical Stage (with substage sliding collar for Stand V) as seen from underneath.\n(4 Full Size.)\nNo.\tMarks Codeword\n12.0311\tSubstage Condenser Sleeve for Stands VB\u00c4\nand VBB........................................1.50 M/croptera\n12.0312\tSubstage Condenser Sleeve for Stand VD . .\t1.50 Microptere\n12.0640 Simplified Revolving Mechanical Stage . . . 30.\u2014 Miaulera 12.0656 Simplified Non-centring Metal Stage with divided\ncircle and index (without substage sleeve) .\t. ; 26.\u2014 Micarios","page":40},{"file":"p0041.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"41\nNo. 12.0670. Centring Revolving Vulcanite Stage.\nThis Stage requires for its adaptation a Stage Centre Housing No. 12.0660. Its motion of rotation cannot be locked. The stage has a diameter of 11.5 cm.\nNo. 12.0680. *Large Mechanical Stage (Fig. 18).\nThe range of motion amounts to 50 mm in one direction and 35 mm in the other, and in either direction the displacements can be read by scales and verniers (Zeitschr. f. wiss. Mikrosk. 11, 301\u2014304, 1894). The stage is fitted with a third scale with vernier showing the position of the movable stop for the object slide. This scale renders the apparatus useful as a Finder. It assists also in the operation of centring the stage by means of a Centring Glass, which is an Object Slide with a Cross ruled upon it. Directions for using this Centring Glass are given in our leaflet Mikro 71.\nFig. 18.\nLarge Mechanical Stage No. 12.0680. (J Full Size.)\nNo.\tMarks Codeword\n12.0660 Stage Centre Housing for Nos. 12.0670 and\n12.0680\t................................... 17.\u2014 Micarent\n12.0670 Revolving Vulcanite Stage for Stands I, III and IV 25.\u2014 Micaremus 12.0680 Large Mechanical Stage with Centring Glass for\nStands, I, III and IV..........................100.\u2014 Miaul\u00e8rent\n12.0689 Centring Glass for use with the Large Mechanical\nStage, in case................................. 4.\u2014 Nicarelle","page":41},{"file":"p0042.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"42\nThe Large Mechanical Stage is available for use with Stands I to IV only and requires for its adaptation a Stage Centre Housing No. 12.0660. Stands IA and B, HID and E, as well as IVD and E are permanently provided with this centre housing, whilst in the case of Stands III A to III C and IV A to IVCB it requires to be ordered together with the mechanical stage. The requisite adaptation can be made by the owner of the microscope.\nThe Large Mechanical Stage is of the revolving and centring pattern. The stage cannot, however, be rotated through a complete circle, the motion being limited in either direction by the presence of the slide fitting c and the milled head d respectively. The stage can be fixed in any position by means of the clamping screw b.\nThe motion in a forward and backward direction relatively to the observer can likewise be clamped by means of the small handle a.\nThe slide fitting c, which controls the transverse motion of the object, can be detached when the saw-cut screw by which it is secured has been released. This provides an unobstructed circular stage to which the object may be secured by means of the stage clips provided with it.\nThe Stages Nos. 12.0670 and 12.0680 are fitted to Stands I, III and IV only. They are readily interchangeable. They are not adaptable to Stand IC.\nTo exchange one of these stages against the other the first step is to remove the clamping screw b (Fig. 18) by which the Large Mechanical Stage is secured. Next, the two centring screws in the stage centre housing should be turned back until the stage ceases to follow. Pressing the stage gently forward against the buffer pin, it should be lifted out of the housing and replaced by the other stage, care being taken to ensure that the buffer pin in the housing may engage with the notch in the bearing ring on the stage.\nIn the event of these stages being required to be graduated at the circumference it will be necessary to fit the bearing ring with an index or vernier.\n*Photo-micrographic Stage. When photographing or projecting with the microscope it affords the greatest assistance to the operator if the stage of the microscope, beside being capable of rotation, enables him to impart an exceedingly slow motion to the object. Our Photo-micrographic Stage satisfies both requirements. It has a diameter of 100 mm and is capable of being displaced through a range of 10 mm in two directions at right angles to one another by means of two co-axial milled heads. The amount of their displacements is read by two scales and verniers. The stage is not fitted with a centring device and is not interchangeable with the Large Mechanical Stage or the Vulcanite Stage.\nThe Photo-micrographic Stage is accordingly supplied exclusively as an integral part of Stand IC.","page":42},{"file":"p0043.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"43\n01 Devices for Mechanically Displacing the Object along the surface of the microscope stage proper we supply, amongst others, the following:\nNo. 12.0800. \u00bbSmall Attachable Mechanical Stage (Fig. 19).\nThis stage, or more correctly, object displacer, is constructed on the principle originated by J. MAYALL jun. (Journ. Roy. Microsc. Soc. (2), 5, 122, 1885) and serves to move the object slide along the surface of the stage in two directions at right angles to one another. It consists of two slide fittings, one of which travels upon the other at right angles to its sliding motion. Both are actuated by milled heads situated at the side. The displacements of the objects can be read off by means of two verniers and scales. The range of the motions, with the sliding milled head a pulled out to clear the slide fitting, is 50 mm in the trans-\nb Fig. 19.\nSmall Attachable Mechanical Stage.\na\n(I Full Size.)\nverse direction and 30 mm in the frontal direction at right angles to it. The apparatus is available for use as a Finder. Directions for using this stage are given in our pamphlet Mikro 123.\nThe Small Mechanical Stage is intended for use with Stands IV A, IVB, I VC, V\u00e4, VB, VC and VD. It attaches to the base of the slow motion prism post by means of the set screw b shown in Fig. 19. II is advisable to make a small indentation where the point of the screw meets the prism base so as to cause\nNo. j\tMarks Codeword\n12.0800 Small Mechanical Stage, without case ... 85.\u2014 Micaretis 12.0800k Case for No. 12.0800 ............................... 5.\u2014 Micariae","page":43},{"file":"p0044.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"44\nthe stage to always occupy approximately the same position when attached to the microscope.\nIt is not satisfactory to use the small mechanical stage on Stand VI as, owing to its small size, it cuts down the motion of the stage to one half the available range. In the case of Stand IV the lower edge cannot be moved into the centre of the field.\n*DETTO's Slide Bar.\nDETTO\u2019s Slide Bar consists of a short curved fitting which serves for the attachment of the apparatus to the edge of round fixed stages, one end being for this purpose provided with an L screw clamp b, by which it can be fastened to the edge of the stage, whilst the other end has a short arm with a set pin c fitting, the stage clip hole on the left, the stage clips being removed when the slide bar is to be attached. The curved bar a has near the middle a lug to which is\n381\nc\nFig. 20.\nDETTO\u2019s Slide Bar No. 12.0816.\n(4 Full Size.)\npivoted a short bar having attached to it at one end the slide bar d and at the other a steel spring carrying a small pulley. The bar and pulley both graze the surface of the microscope stage. The object slide is placed upon the stage between the bar and the pulley. The latter presses it against the slide bar. The object slide may then be displaced along the bar with the hand and both together may be moved radially about the pivot. This provides two movements which are nearly at right angles to one another. The Slide Bar serves accordingly as an inexpensive mechanical object displacer for Stands III to V with fixed round stages and will in the absence of a mechanical stage be found particularly useful for the systematic displacement of blood counting chambers and such like.\nA detailed description of this device will be found in the Z.-S. f. wiss. Mikr. 23, 301\u2014307, 1906.","page":44},{"file":"p0045.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"45\nThe Slide Bar is made in two patterns suitable for Stands III to V, viz. Nos. 12.0815 and 12.0816.\nNo. 12.0815. Pattern No. II. In this pattern the slide bar is a metal strip of prismatic section and of a uniform width throughout its entire length. This pattern is not to be recommended for use with high power objectives and when the slide is to be examined right up to the edge, as is often required in the case of smear preparation.\nNo. 12.0816. Pattern III. In this pattern the slide bar is stiffened on the hogback principle and is available for use with objectives of the highest powers.\nThe No. I pattern is intended for projection work with Stand IC in conjunction with the Photo-micrographic Stage.\nNo. 12.0820. Revolving Stage Plate.\nThis Stage Plate may be attached to the rectangular stage of Stand XH. It is provided with a centre ring which fits into the large opening in the stage of the microscope in the place of the smaller stage diaphragm.\nVarious other more or less specialised appliances have been devised for displacing objects on the stage, of which the following may be specified here:\nThe Prism Rotator No. 12.8700 or 12.8702 and the Capillary Rotator No. 12.8710 (pp. 104 and 105) are available for use in conjunction with the Binocular Stand Xfl as well as with Stands having stage openings of 33 mm diameter. The Capillary Rotator may also be fitted with stands whose stage opening is less than 33 mm.\nThe Stage Screw Micrometer No. 12.6350 (page 88) may be employed to impart to an object excessively delicate displacements in one direction only and furnishes a very exact means of measuring the amount of these small displacements.\nMaltwood\u2019s Finder No. 12.9220 (page 106) is a simple and useful device for recording any given spot on a specimen and quickly finding it again at any future time under the microscope.\nN0_\tMarks Codeword\n12.0815\tDETTO\u2019s Slide Bar, Pattern II.......................12.50 Micarius\n12.0816\tDETTO\u2019s Slide Bar, Pattern III......................16.\u2014 Nicarum\n12.0820 Detached Revolving Stage Plate for Stand Xfl 8.\u2014 Micaschist","page":45},{"file":"p0046.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"46\nC. Focussing Mechanisms.\nThe Coarse Focussing Adjustment. Apart from the Hand Microscope, all microscope stands specified in this catalogue are fitted with Rack and Pinion Mechanism for the coarse focussing adjustment. The racks as well as the pinions are cut on special machines designed by us, and the resulting motion is of such a degree of smoothness and precision that objectives of intermediate power can without difficulty be accurately focussed by the rack and pinion motion without the additional aid of the micrometer movement.\nThe Fine Focussing Adjustment. The micrometer slow motion introduced by us in 1886 (Z.-S. f. wiss. Mikr. 3, 207 \u2014 209, 1886) has proved absolutely reliable during the many years that it has been in use under all conceivable conditions. The introduction of a later form notwithstanding, it has therefore been retained in the designs of Stands IV, V and VI. The mechanism owes its excellent working qualities mainly to the fact that the motion of the micrometer screw is transmitted to the movable carrier of the microscope tube by a single contact between two hardened pieces of steel, which furnishes an exceedingly fine and uniform motion.\nIn the large Stands I and III the tube carrying frame is of an entirely different design and is fitted with BERGER\u2019s slow motion, which bears no resemblance to the old micrometer screw. This departure was introduced in 1898 and is described in detail in a paper by M. BERGER entitled, \u201eEin neuer Mikroskop-Oberbau\u201c, Z.-S. f. wiss. Mikr. 18, 129\u2014133, 1898.\nIn the design of these stands the prismatic slide post has been discarded in favour of a flat slide carriage, which provides likewise the bearing for the rack and pinion slide, both slide fittings being accordingly separated by a short distance only. At its lower end the micrometer screw is fitted in the place of the usual head with a worm wheel which engages with an endless screw (Fig. 21), by means of which it can be rotated. As in the older mechanism, the motion of the micrometer screw is transmitted to the movable tube carrying slide by a single contact between two pieces of extremely hard steel.\nThe entire mechanism, with the exception of the two milled heads by which motion is imparted to the endless screw, is enclosed within the overhanging body frame and is thus completely protected from external agencies. For the further protection of the screw the worm wheel engages with a device which checks its motion when the slide carriage to the slow motion has arrived at either limit of its travel. These limits are marked on the right hand side of the frame standard by two white lines on a black ground. The position of the micrometer screw can thus be always controlled by the position of the index mark on the slow motion slide carriage relatively to the two limit marks. This micro-","page":46},{"file":"p0047.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"47\nmeter motion can be readily endowed with the quality of a \u201csafety\u201c focussing device in the case of objects which are difficult to find by setting the index of the slow motion slide to the lower limit mark and then racking down the coarse motion slide until the objective all but touches the object. The object should then be found and focussed by raising the tube by means of the micrometer screw. So long as the coarse adjustment is not disturbed, neither the object nor the front lens are exposed to the possibility of being damaged by an excessive depression of the tube.\nFig. 21.\nMechanism of Berger\u2019s Micrometer Movement.\n(Full Size.)\nThe direction in which the milled heads to the fine adjustment are turned furnishes at once an indication as to whether the tube is rising or descending. The rotations and resulting motions of the tube are analogous to those of the rack and pinion motion. \u00c4lso, the fact that the axes of all the milled heads are parallel greatly facilitates the transition from one to the other.\nBerger\u2019s Micrometer Movement cannot be adapted to stands fitted with the older type of slow motion.\nMeasurement of Thicknesses. The left milled head of BERGER\u2019s micrometer motion is graduated, each interval of the scale being equivalent to an","page":47},{"file":"p0048.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"48\nelevation or depression of 0.002 mm, whilst one complete revolution corresponds to 0.04 mm. When the requisite vertical displacement necessitates several revolutions oi the milled head, these should be noted with the aid of a ring and index which slips over the milled head. Displacements of the tube can be thus read without difficulty to within 0.001 mm.\nIn the case of Stand IV with a micrometer screw of the older type the corresponding divisions are inscribed on the micrometer screw head. This scale admits of the motion of the microscope tube being read to within 0.005 mm.\nEither device furnishes a means of measuring thicknesses with a considerable degree of accuracy. To this end the upper and the lower surface of the object whose thickness is to be measured should be focussed in succession and the corresponding positions of the scale relatively to the index noted. Wh\u00e9n,' the observation is made with dry lenses the difference between the two readings is not the thickness of the object but the thickness of an equivalent stratum of air.\nIf the refractive index of the object be known its true thickness can be calculated with a fair degree of accuracy from the thickness of the equivalent stratum of air. Conversely, the approximate refractive index of a substance may be found by this means when its thickness is known by the approximately correct formula\nD = n d,\nwhere D is the true thickness of the object, d the difference between the two readings noted, and n the refractive index of the medium.\nFor the purpose of ascertaining the thickness of the cover-glass which covers a mounted specimen, for example, it is near enough to take n = 1.5. When making a measurement of this kind it is best to use a higher power dry lens in conjunction with an intermediate eyepiece and observe by direct illumination.\nFor information respecting a more exact method of determining the thickness of cover-glasses with the aid of the micrometer movement the reader is referred to a paper by CZAPSKI entitled \u201eDie Bestimmung von Deckglasdicken an fertigen Pr\u00e4paraten\u201c, Z.-S. f. wiss. Mikr. 5, 482\u2014484, 1888.\nThe Draw Tube, with which all stands are fitted with the exception of Stands IX, X and XI and the Hand Microscope, provides a means of lengthening and shortening the tube-length, a scale engraved on it showing the resulting length of the tube in any given position of the draw-tube (see pp. 8 and 9). It should, however, be borne in mind that this does not include the depth of any revolving nosepiece, sliding objective changer or other adapter which may be attached to the lube and whose depth should accordingly be allowed for (see pp. 8 and 49). At its lower end the draw-tube is provided with the standard screw thread for the attachment of lenses of very low power, for instance the auxiliary lens provided for use with the apertometer.\nThe internal diameter of the draw-tube at the eyepiece end is 23.3 mm.","page":48},{"file":"p0049.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"49\nD. Objective Changing Devices.\nRevolving Nosepieces and Sliding Changers are attachments to the microscope tube which have been devised to change the objectives on the tube-without going through the troublesome process of screwing them off and on each time.\nThe Sliding Objective Changers have this advantage over the Revolving Nosepieces that they afford a better means of bringing the objectives into agreement in the matter of central and focal adjustment, so that when one objective is focussed over a given spot the other objectives will also show this spot more or less accurately focussed in or near the centre of the field; though there are a few objectives whose mounts do not admit of this adjustment. The Sliding Objective Changers offer the further convenience that they impose no restrictions as to the number of objectives which may be used with them.\nAll objectives can be adjusted in this way with the exception of atf to a3, aa, a* and the immersion lenses.\nWhen objectives are ordered together with an objective changing device we invariably adjust their mounts to ensure their axial and focal agreement. The adjustment holds good, however, for the standard tube-length of 160 mm and a particular eyepiece only, and it is assumed that the observer is normal-sighted.\nWhen using a nosepiece or sliding objective changer 15 mm should be allowed for the depth of the Revolving Nosepiece and 22 mm for that of the Sliding Objective Changer (page 8).\nThe presence of these fittings increases the mechanical tube-length, as indicated on the draw-tube scale, by these amounts.\nRevolving Nosepieces (Fig. 22). These are fitted with a union or clamping ring a with a milled edge, which serves to attach the nosepiece in any desired position, generaily with the idle objectives directed symmetrically forward. The objectives screw into the capstan fitting, by the simple rotation of which any of the objectives may be placed into alignment with the tube, the capstan fitting being locked in its correct position by a spring catch.\nAbove the openings for the objectives the fixed part of the nosepiece has a cover D attached to it, which in all our nosepieces is curved to the same sphere by a process of our own. This plate forms a guard over the idle objectives and serves to protect them from dust.","page":49},{"file":"p0050.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"50\nWe supply Nosepieces to accomodate Two Objectives (No. 12.1202), Three Objectives (No. 12.1203) and Four Objectives (No. 12.1204).\nRevolving Nosepiece for Two Objectives. Revolving Nosepiece for Three Objectives.\nRevolving Nosepiece for Four Objectives.\nFig. 22.\n(Full Size.)\n\u2666Sliding Objective Changers (Fig. 23). These adapters are fitted with a device which enables the user of a microscope to centre each objective of the set in his possession, which may consist of an unlimited number. In addition, they are fitted with a focussing collar and locknut, by means of which all objectives having their mounts so adjusted that they will be approximately in focus when changed can be accurately set for focal agreement and the adjustment rendered permanent.\nThe Sliding Objective Changers consist of a Tube Slide and Objective Slides. \u00c4 separate Objective Slide is required for each objective of the set.\nThe Tube Slide (No. 12.1210) screws to the end of the microscope tube after the manner of an ordinary nosepiece and should by screwed thereto by means of the locknut with the entrance to the V slide facing frontwards or to\nNo. 12.1202\tRevolving Nosepiece for Two Objectives .\t.\t\tMarks . 15.-\tCodeword Miasma\n12.1203\t\u201e\t\u201e\t\u201e Three\t\u00bb \u2022 \u2022\t. 20.-\tMiasmen\n12.1204\t\u201e\t\u201e\t\u201e Four\tM\t\u2022\t\u2022\t. 25.-\tMiasmo/ogy\n12.1210\tSliding Objective Changers Tube Slide\t\t\t. 8.-\tMiasms\n12.1211\tObject Slide, each\t\t\t\tMiassemos","page":50},{"file":"p0050s0001.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"rtmLZElSs']\nQUHHj\nMikro 184, Beilage Nr. 8.\nBetrifft Seite 50.\nDie Revolverf\u00fcr zwei und drei Objektive werden nicht mehr angefertigt und geliefert. Wir liefern nur noch Revolver f\u00fcr vier Objektive zum Preise von M 20 - + den z. Zt. der Lieferung g\u00fcltigen Satz des Teuerungszuschlages.\n360","page":0},{"file":"p0051.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"51\na: Tube Slide; b: Objective Slide with Objective attached; c: Cross Section.\n(Full Size.)\nthe side. The plane of the slide is inclined at angle of about 84\u00b0 with respect to the axis of the tube (Fig. 23c).\nThe inclined plane of the Objective Slide (No. 12.1211) is set at a similar angle, the effect being that when the slide is withdrawn the objective moves slightly away from the specimen. A screw stop, which can be set by means of a watchkey, provides the centring adjustment in the direction of the motion of the slide, whilst the adjustment at right angles to it is accomplished with the aid of a tangent screw, which can likewise be set with the aid of the watchkey. Further information is contained in the Directions for Using the Sliding Objective Changers, Mikro 82.\nWhen using Sliding Objective Changers it is advisable to unscrew the objectives as rarely as possible. For their safe keeping and protection from dust we supply cases for three, six or a larger number of objectives attached to their slides. The sides of these cases are fitted with metal V slides which receive the objective slides together with the objectives. Below we list two popular patterns, viz. a Leather-covered Case for Three Slides and Objectives (No. 12.1413) and a Mahogany Case for Six Slides and Objectives (No. 12.1416).\nNo. 12.1413\tLeather-covered Case for Three Slides and Ob-\t1 Marks\tCodeword\n\tjectives\t\t6.-\tMiastenia\n12.1416\tMahogany Case for Six Slides and Objectives .\t15.-\tMiauen","page":51},{"file":"p0052.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"52\nE. The Microscope Stands and their Different\nPatterns.\n1) Large Stands.\nOur Large Stands comprise Stands I, I S and III. In these stands the upper half with the stage and tube is inclinable and can be used with the tube vertical or horizontal and at any intermediate angle ol inclination. They are litted with BERGER\u2019S Micrometer Slow Motion with milled heads at the sides. The body frame, which carries the tube and focussing mechanisms, is fashioned in the form of a strong handle for carrying the microscope. These stands are adapted for the most refined investigations and may be used with the stage in its horizontal, inclined, or vertical position. They are supplied in finely polished mahogany cabinets fitted with lock and key. All these stands can be equipped with revolving nosepieces and sliding objective changers.\nThe subjoined specifications of the variously equipped stands do not include changing appliances, objectives, eyepieces, and condensers. The most extensively used condensers are specified as separate items.\na) Stands I.\nThe body of the stand is provided with wide outer tube and a draw-tube with slide collar and an eyepiece socket end of the standard diameter of 23.3 mm. The draw-tube is provided with a millimetre scale for setting it to the proper\nNo.\n12.2047\n12.2048\n12.2049\n12.2099\nStand\nI\u00e4\nIB\nic\nEquipment\tMarks\nIlluminating Hpparatus j\tObject Stage\nComplete ABBE Illuminating Apparatus without Condenser\nRevolving and Centring Vulcanite Stage No. 12.0670\t. . . .\nLarge Mechanical Stage No. 12.0680\t. . . .\n300.-\n375.-\nPhoto-micrographic Stage ...........\n375.-\nCondensers according to requirement (pp. 29 et seq.)\n1)\tCondenser N. A. 1.2 No. 11.4120............\n2)\tCondenser N. A. 1.4 No.r_11.4130...........\n3)\tSwing-out Condenser N. A. 1.2 No. 11.4125 . .\n4)\tSwing-out Condenser N. A. 1.4 No. 11.4135 . .\n20.-\n25.\u2014\n45.-\n50.\u2014\n5) Aplanatic Condenser N. A. 1.4 No. 11.4140 . .\nIn addition, for Photo-micrographic Work:\nAccessory Fittings for Photo-micrographic Work consisting of a Light-proof Connecting Funnel, Light-proof Connecting Sleeve, Adapters for the attachment of Microplanars, Centring Diaphragm, Moderating Glass, and Revolution Counter . .\n60.-\n15.\u2014\nCodeword\nMiaul\nMiaula\nMiaulaient\nMiaron\nMiascite\nMiase\nM/aseis\nMicropus\nMiaulais","page":52},{"file":"p0053.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"53\n162\nFig. 24.\nStand I with Large Mechanical Stage, Sliding Objective Changer, Objective and Eyepiece.\n(f Full Size.)","page":53},{"file":"p0054.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"54\ntube-length. The body hinge is fitted with a lever handle for clamping it at any required inclination. Thanks to the wide diameter of the body tube these stands are available for unrestricted use of lenses of highest and lowest powers, including the Projection Lenses and Microplanars. These stands are accordingly equally well adapted for ocular observation, microscopic projection and photo-micrography. The foot is of the horseshoe pattern; it is heavily made of finely polished and lacquered brass.\nb)\tStand IS.\nStand I S differs from Stand I in that the stage is attached to a fitting by means of which it can be racked up and down in the direction of the axis of-the microscope. This stand is accordingly particularly well adapted for every species of observation with incident light as well as for every kind of work with transmitted light. It lends itself also admirably for the examination of unusually thick objects. The foot is coated with crystal lacquer and is of an unusually heavy design.\nFor description of this stand see our booklet Mikro 236.\nc)\tStand III.\nStand III differs from Stand I in that it has not the wide tube of the latter. Hence projection lenses of very low power can either not at all be used with it or this can only be done by sacrificing the outer portion of the pencil of light transmitted by these lenses. When used for photo-micrographic projection or photo-micrography it can be so employed with microscope objectives only. In its adaptability for ocular observation it satisfies, on the other hand, the most exacting requirements. In the place of the polished foot it is fitted whith a horseshoe foot which is neatly coated with crystal lacquer.\nThe stand is so arranged that it may initially be acquired with an equipment comprising the indispensable components only and subsequently supplemented by the addition of other object stages or complements to the illuminating apparatus.\nThe stand is supplied with or without Revolving Nosepiece, as may be desired.\nFor detailed Description see our booklet Mikro 93.\nNo.\tStand\tEquipment\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.2347\tIS R\tRevolving and Centring Vulcanite Stage\t\t\n\t\tNo. 12.0670 and Complete ABBE Illuminating Apparatus without condenser*)\t385.-\tMiaulait\n12.2348\tI SB\tLarge Mechanical Stage No. 12.0680 and\t\t\n\t\tComplete ABBE Illuminating Apparatus without condenser*) ....\t460.-\tMiaulames\n*) Suitable Condensers are specified on page 52.","page":54},{"file":"p0055.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"55\nFig. 25.\nStand III B with Objective and Eyepiece, also Diaphragm Carrier (B) No. 12.0120 and Key (C) for attaching it.\n(i Full Size.)\nrcft\u00e4llisa","page":55},{"file":"p0056.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"56\nNo.\tStand\n12.2622\tIIIA\n12.2623\tIII AA\n12.2632\tIII B\n12.2633\tIII BA I\n12.2642\tIIIC.\n12.2643\tIII CA j\n12.2644\tIII CB\n12.2647\tIII D\n12.2648\tIIIE\nEquipment\nIlluminating Apparatus\nABBE Illuminating Apparatus without Diaphragm Carrier and Iris Diaphragm and without Condenser\nABBE Illuminating Apparatus with Iris Diaphragm but without Diaphragm Carrier and without Condenser\nComplete ABBE Illuminating Apparatus without Condenser\nComplete ABBE Illuminating Apparatus without Condenser\nObject Stage\nFixed Round Stage of 11 cm diameter. . . .\nSimplified Mechanical Stage No. 12.0630 . . .\nFixed Round Stage of 11 cm diameter. . . .\nSimplified Mechanical Stage No. 12.0630 . . .\nFixed Round Stage of 11 cm diameter. . . . Simplified Mechanical Stage No. 12.0630 . . . Simplified Revolving Stage No. 12.0640 . . .\nRevolving and Centring Vulcanite Stage\nNo. 12.0670 ............\nLarge Mechanical Stage No. 12.0680\t...........\nMarks\tCodeword\n200.-\tMiaulant\n210.-\tMiaulante\n215.\u2014\tMiaulard\n225.\u2014\tMiaulasse\n230.-\tMiaulat\n240.-\tMiaul\u00e2tes\n253.-\tMiaule\n265.-\tMiauled\n340.-\tMiau lees\nNecessary Alternative Additions to the Illuminating Apparatus (pp. 28 et seq.)\n1)\tCylinder Diaphragm No. 11.4100 . 1 tor low magnifications as ob- '\n7 J\t\u00a3V ,\tJ tamed with objectives up to\n2)\tIris Cylinder Diaphragm No. 11.4105 | D or the apochromatic 8 mm .\n3)\tTwo-lens Condenser N.\tA.\t1.2\tNo.\t11.4120...............\n4)\tThree-lens\t\u201e\t\u201e\t\u201e\t1.4\tNo.\t11.4130...............\n5)\tSwing-out\t\u201e\ta\t\u00bb\t1.2\tNo.\t11.4125...............\n6)\tSwing-out\t\u201e\t\u201e\tb\t1.4\tNo.\t11.4135...............\nThe following Supplementary Fittings can be added subsequently\nto the Illuminating Apparatus:\nFor Stands IIIA and IIIA\u00c4:\nDiaphragm Carrier No. 12.0120 and Iris Diaphragm\nNo. 12.0130...........................................\nFor Stands III B and III BA:\nDiaphragm Carrier No. 12.0120............................\nAny of the following Stages may be supplied subsequently for attachment in the place of existing stages:\nSimplified Mechanical Stage No. 12.0630 for Stands III,\nA, B and C............................................\nSimplified Revolving Mechanical Stage No. 12.0640 for\nStands III, A, B and C................................\nRevolving Vulcanite Stage No. 12.0670 with Centre Housing No. 12.0660 for Stands III, A, AA, B, BA and CA . . Large Mechanical Stage No. 12.0680 with Centre Housing No. 12.0660 for Stands III, A, AA, B, BA, C, CA and CB Large Mechanical Stage No. 12.0680 for Stand III, D . . Existing Stages are not taken in part exchange.\n4.\u2014 i Mi aria 14.\u2014 Miariais 20.\u2014 Miaron 25.\u2014 Miascite 45.\u2014 Miase 50.\u2014 Miaseis\n30.\u2014 Miaulement 20.\u2014 Miasma!\n17.\u2014\n30.-\n42.-\n117.-\n100.\u2014\nMiauler\nMiaulera\nMiaulerai\nMiaulerais\nMiaul\u00e8rent","page":56},{"file":"p0057.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"57\n2) Medium Sized Stands.\nThe Medium Sized Stands are all variants of Stand IV. The various patterns derived from this prototype differ mainly by the equipment of the illuminating apparatus and the design of the stages.\nStand IV.\nThe body of this stand is fitted with the older form of micrometer movement (Fig. 26). The micrometer head is graduated. The substage is so designed that the illuminating apparatus may be elaborated progressively. The stand has a fixed round stage, which may be replaced at any later period by revolving and mechanical stages. The stand may be fitted with a revolving nosepiece or sliding objective changer. It is supplied in a finely polished mahogany case fitted with lock and key.\nFor Detailed Description see Booklet Mikro 183.\nThe subjoined prices do not include nosepieces, objectives, eyepieces, or condensers, the latter of which are specified as separate items.\nNo.\nStand\nEquipment\nIlluminating Apparatus\nObject Stage\nMarks\tCodeword\n12.3022\tIVA\n12.3023\tIVAA\n12.3032\tIVB\n12.3033\tIVB\u00c4\nABBE Illuminating Apparatus without Diaphragm Carrier and Iris Diaphragm and without Condenser\nABBE Illuminating Apparatus with Iris Diaphragm but without Diaphragm Carrier and without Condenser\nFixed Round Stage of 11 cm diameter . . .17 5.\u2014 Miaulerez\nSimplified Mechanical1 Stage No. 12.0630 . .! 185.\u2014 Miauleriez\nFixed Round Stage of 11 cm diameter \u2022 \u2022 \u2022; 190.\u2014 Miaulerons\nSimplified Mechanical Stage No. 12.0630 . . 20 0.\u2014 Miauleront\n12.3042\tIVC\n!\tI\ni\tI\n12.3043\tIVC\u00c4\n12.3044\tIVCB\n12.3047\tI VCD\n!\n12.3048\tIVE 12.3085 IVF\nComplete ABBE Illuminating Apparatus without Condenser\nFixed Round Stage of 11 cm diameter . . . j 205.\u2014 Simplified Mechanical Stage No. 12.0630 . . 2 1 5.\u2014 Simplified Revolving Mechanical Stage No. 12.0640 ............ 228.\u2014\nRevolving and Centring Vulcanite Stage No. 12.0670\t. . . .\n240.-\nLarge Mechanical Stage No. 12.0680 ..........\nComplete ABBE Illuminating Apparatus without Condenser, with Polariser No. I and Selenite Films Red I. Order\nTube with Centring Device for the Objectives ! and Analyser No. I to rest on eyepiece . . . |\nRevolving Non-centring Stage graduated at the periphery, No. 12.0656\n315.-\n275.-\nMiauleur\nMiauleuse\nMiauleuses\nMiaulez\nMiauliez\nMiauling","page":57},{"file":"p0057s0001.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"Mikro 184, Beilage Nr. 7. Betrifft die Seiten 57-59.\nStativ IV wird nicht mehr angefertigt und geliefert.","page":0},{"file":"p0058.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"58\nFig. 26.\nStand IVC\nwith Revolving Nosepiece, Three Objectives, and Eyepiece, (i Full Size.)","page":58},{"file":"p0059.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"59\nMarks\tCodeword\nNecessary Alternative Additions to the Illuminating Apparatus (pp. 28 et seq.):\n.T\tI for low magnifications\t-\t...\n1)\tCylinder Diaphragm No. 11.4100 .1 as obtained with object- j 4.\u2014\tNiana\n2)\tIris Cylinder Diaphragm No. 11.41051 lvaepOCh?omati? 8\u00b0mmC\t14. \u2014\tMiariais\n3)\tTwo-lens Condenser N. A. 1.2, No. 11.4120 ......... 20.\u2014\tMiaron\n4)\tThree-lens Condenser N. A. 1.4, No. 11.4130\t....\t25.\u2014\tMiascite\n5)\tSwing-out Condenser N. A. 1.2, No. 11.4125 ........ 45.\u2014\tMiase\n6)\tSwing-out Condenser N. A. 1.4, No. 11.4135 ........ 50.\u2014\tMiaseis\nThe following Supplementary Fittings can be added subsequently to the illuminating apparatus :\nFor Stand IVA and IVAA:\tI\nDiaphragm Carrier No. 12.0120 and Iris Diaphragm\nNo. 12.0130\t....................................... 30.\u2014 AHautement\nFor Stands IVB and IVBA:\nDiaphragm Carrier No. 12.0120 ......................... 20.\u2014 Niasmal\nAny of the following Stages may be supplied subsequently for attachment in the place of existing stages:\nSimplified Mechanical Stage No. 12.0630 for Stands IV,\nSimplified Revolving Mechanical Stage No. 12.0640 for\nStands IV, A, B and C............................. 30.\u2014 Miaulera\nRevolving Vulcanite Stage No. 12.0670 with Centre\nHousing No. 12.0660 for Stands IV, A, AA, B, C and CA\t42.\u2014 Miaulerai\nLarge Mechanical Stage No. 12.0680 with Centre Housing\nNo. 12.0660 for Stands IV, A, AA, B, BA, C and CA 117.\u2014 Miaulerais Large Mechanical Stage No. 12.0680 for Stand IV, D . . 100.\u2014 Miaul\u00e8rent\nExisting Stages are not taken in part exchange.\nStand I VF is particularly well adapted for histological investigations with polarised light.\nThe swing-out condensers lose much of their utility when the condenser is required to be frequently exchanged, say, for the Paraboloid Condenser used for establishing dark ground illumination.","page":59},{"file":"p0060.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"60\n390\nFig. 27.\nInclinable Stand VB\u00c4\nwith Revolving Nosepiece, Three Objectives and Eyepiece, (j- Full Size.)","page":60},{"file":"p0061.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"61\n3) Small Stands.\na) Stand V.\nLaboratory and Class Microscope.\nThe body of this microscope is fitted with the older form of micrometer screw. The micrometer head is not graduated. When equipped in its simplest manner, the stand is fitted below the stage with three sliding stops in the place of the customary cylinder diaphragm. The complete ABBE Illuminating Apparatus cannot be fitted to Stand V ; it is, however, available for the attachment of various condensers with centrally attached iris-diaphragm (page 31) and the Paraboloid Condenser, all of which fit the substage sliding collar. The stands of the No. V type are supplied in an inclinable form (with hinge) or in a rigid form (without hinge). The stand is accommodated in a finely polished mahogany case fitted with lock and key.\nA Detailed Description will be found in our Booklet Mikro 259.\nStand V is not supplied without Optical Equipment.\nThe Prices given in the subjoined specification do not, however, include objectives, eyepieces, condensers or nosepieces. The prices of these components, which may be selected to suit the requirements of the purchaser, will be found under their respective headings. A Selection of Completely Equipped Microscopes will be found on pp. 113 et seq. and in our Booklet Mikro 259.\nNo.\t\tStand\tEquipment\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.3411\tVH\tInclinable\t1 Fixed Round Stage of 11 cm diameter\t90.-\tMiaulions\n12.3511\t\tRigid\tj with three Sliding Stops\t80.\u2014\tMiaulons\n12.3412\tVB\tInclinable\t1 Fixed Round Stage of 11 cm diameter\t86.\u2014\tMiaust\n12.3512\t\tRigid\tj with Substage Sliding Sleeve\t76.\u2014\tMiaute\n12.3413\tVBA\tInclinable\t| Simplified Mechanical Stage\t96.\u2014\tMiautest\n12.3513\t\tRigid\t( No. 12.0630 with Substage\t86.\u2014\tMiauw\n12.3414\t\tInclinable\tI Simplified Mechanical Revolving\t109.-\tMiauwen\n12.3514\tVBB\tRigid\tStage No. 12.0640 with Substage 1 Sliding Sleeve\t99.-\tMiaveritis\n\t\t\tRevolving Stage graduated at the\t\t\n\t\t\tperiphery, No. 12.0656; also Cen-\t\t\n12.3485\t\tInclinable\ttring Adapter for attachment to\t144.-\tMiavolate\n12.3585\tVD\tRigid\tthe tube, Polariser No. II, Selenite Films Red 1st Order, and Analyser No. I\t134.\u2014\tMiavolera\nNecessary Alternative Additions (see page 31):\n1)\tCylinder Diaphragm No. 11.4100 \u2022 | ma^rncationT* 1 2 3 4 a\u00aeBib\u00b0aiied\n2)\tIris Cylinder Diaghragm No. 11.4105 j with obiiencc'^seisveup to D\n3)\tCondenser N. A. 1.0 with Iris Diaphragm, No. 11.4310 for\nVB, BA, BB, and D...........................................\n4)\tCondenser N. A. 1.2 with Iris Diaphragm, No. 11.4320 for\nVB, BA and BB...............................................\nIn the event of the Condensers Items 3) and 4) being required for use with Stand VA it will ne necessary to add a Substage Sliding Sleeve for Stand VA No. 12.0310 ......\n4.\n14.-\n24.-\n30.-\nMiaria\nMiariais\nMiasmata\nMiasmatico\n1.50 Miasmatisch","page":61},{"file":"p0062.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"62\n391\nFig. 28.\nStand VB, Non-inclinable Pattern with Double Nosepiece, Objectives A and D, and Eyepiece. (\u00a3 Full Size.)","page":62},{"file":"p0063.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"63\nStands V may be supplied with or without nosepieces (pp. 49 and 50), as may be desired.\nIn the event of a considerable number of stands of the No. V pattern being purchased under one order we are prepared to supply them without mahogany cases. This reduces the price by Mark 16.50 for each stand.\nb) Stand VI.\nThis stand, as shown in Fig. 30, has a fixed square stage measuring 80 x 80 mm. The body is hinged and can be tilted until the tube is horizontal. Like Stand V, it has a slow motion of the older pattern. The micrometer screw head is not graduated. The stand is contained in a finely polished mahogany cabinet fitted with lock and key. ' It can be supplied with or without a nosepiece.\nThe illumination is furnished by a mirror which moves in all directions. On the underside the stage is fitted with a sliding collar for the accommodation of cylinder diaphragms or a condenser.\nOwing to its compact design Stand VI makes a convenientTravellingMicroscope (Fig. 29). When supplied for this purpose the instrument is fitted in a small Leather or Canvas Case with Shoulder Strap together with a few mounting ap-\nFig. 29.\nTravelling Microscope in Leather Case with Optical Equipment and Mounting Adjuncts. (About A Full Size.)\n\u00f6g\u00f6Sa\nC3\u00cb3J","page":63},{"file":"p0064.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"64\nFig. 30.\nStand VI\nwith Triple Nosepiece, Three Objectives and Eyepiece. (4 Full Size.)\nI3\u00dcH5","page":64},{"file":"p0065.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"65\npliances. The gross weight of this microscope with its optical equipment of three objectives and three eyepieces as well as the mounting adjuncts together with the case amounts to 8i lbs. The outfit of the Travelling Microscope includes 10 object slides and 100 cover-glasses, as well as a metal box with glass bottle for immersion oil. The prices for Stand VI do not include objectives, eyepieces or a nosepiece.\nc) Stand IX.\nStand IX is intended for auxiliary use in laboratories and for industrial and manufacturing purposes. The stage is circular and has a diameter of 100 mm with a stage opening of 33 mm, which can be reduced by the insertion of a stage stop. The plane and concave mirror can be tilted in all directions. Three stops and a blue glass disc are supplied with the stand for insertion in the stage in lieu of cylinder diaphragms. The tube is not extensible. The stand is supplied in an alderwood case.\nStand IX (Fig. 31) is fitted with a Rack and Pinion Coarse Focussing Adjust-ment only, the workmanship of which is, however, such that objectives of medium power and an aperture not exceeding 0.65, say Objective D, can be focussed by its means without difficulty.\nMarks\nCodeword\nNo.\n12.4010 Stand VI in Mahogany Case.................128.\u2014 | Mibore\nNecessary Alternative Additions (p. 32):\n1)\tCylinder Diaphragm\nNo. 11.4400 ..........\n2)\tIris Cylinder Diaphragm\nNo. 11.4405 ..........\n3)\tCondenser N. A. 1.0 with Iris Diaphragm\nAdapted for use with objectives not exceeding in power the achromatic D or apochromatic 8 mm\n2.\u2014\n8.-\nMiasmatist\nMiasmatous\n12.4020\n12.4025\nNo. 11.4410 ................................. 22.-\nTravelling Microscope Stand VI in Leather Case 148.\u2014 and Illuminating Apparatus No. 11.4410\t.\t.\t. | 22.\u2014\nTravelling Microscope Stand VI in Canvas Case\n(for use in the tropics).........................148.\u2014\nand Illuminating Apparatus No. 11.4410\t.\t.\t. 22.\u2014\nMiasme\nMibsam\nMiasme\nMica\nMiasme\nAccessories:\n12.4090 Mounting Appliances for Travelling Microscopes:\nStraight Forceps, Cornet Forceps, Straight Scissors, Scalpel, Straight Dissecting Needle with Metal Handle, and Metal Box for Vaseline .\t.\t.\t.\n12.4410 Stand IX in Case, without nosepiece, objective or eyepiece ....................................................\n9.\u2014 Micabam 50.\u2014 I Micabamus","page":65},{"file":"p0066.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"66\n540\nFig. 31.\nStand IX with Objective and Eyepiece, (f Full Size.)","page":66},{"file":"p0067.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"67\nStand IX is eminently suitable for examining under low magnifications opaque objects, minerals, metallographic specimens and such like and can be used in conjunction with the Vertical Illuminator (pp. 37 and 38). It is also well adapted for use as a reading microscope in conjunction with an eyepiece micrometer when one objective only is used and the micrometer scale is required to furnish invariable and more or less integral values, in which case the tube-length should be adapted accordingly.\nThe stand may be fitted with a revolving nosepiece, the tube being, if necessary shortened, by the requisite amount.\n4) Hand Microscope.\nWe have designed a Hand Microscope (Fig. 32) suitable for class demonstration. The stage c, fitted with clips for holding the object slide, is attached to a sleeve within which slides the optical tube. The instrument is focussed by the displacement of the tube within the sleeve a and, after adjustment, can be secured in position by a clamping ring b. R fine adjustment can be obtained, if required, by displacing the eyepiece, which moves within the tube with a sliding fit. For use, the instrument is held in the hand towards a window or lamp.\nc\nFig. 32.\nHand Microscope. (\u00a3 Full Size.)\nNo.\nMarks\n12.4600 Hand Microscope (with objective or eyepiece),\nin case....................................! 15.\u2014\nCodeword\nMicabant","page":67},{"file":"p0068.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"68\n5) Erecting Microscopes fitted with PORRO Prisms.\na) Binocular Microscopes.\nIn 1897 we introduced a new form of binocular microscope in which stereoscopic vision, instead of being obtained by the bifurcation of a pencil of light transmitted through a single objective, results from the combination of two independent microscopes fitted with erecting prisms. This double microscope tube is focussed by means of a rack and pinion motion.\nThe erection of the image is effected by PORRO Prisms, the arrangement of which affords a convenient means of adjusting the position of the eyepieces to the distance between te eyes.\nThe drums containing the PORRO Prisms can be rotated through a sufficiently wide range to adapt the position of the eyepieces, with the exception of Eyepiece No. I, to any distance between the eyes within the normal limits of 2\\ to 3 inches. In cases where the eyes are abnormally far apart or close together this fact should be stated in the order. Also, in the event of a pair of Eyepieces No. 1 being included in the equipment the smallest required distance between the eyepieces should be stated.\nThe Paired Objectives are mounted upon mutually interchangeable Metal Slides. They require to be individually adjusted for each stand. When ordering additional pairs of objectives for use with an existing microscope the tube should be sent to us for their adaptation.1)\nWe provide a choice of Five Pairs of objectives for use with these microscopes, as listed on page 23, viz. (55), (ao), (a\u00bb), (a\u00e0), (Pi).\nThe magnifications obtainable with these objectives and the eyepieces provided for use with them range from 8 to 200 diameters, as will be seen from the table on page 26, which likewise furnishes information respecting the free working distances and the diameter of the object seen in the field.\nIt should be noted that the (pj) Pair of Objectives is available for use as a water immersion combination only (see page 21).\nThe Prices of the stands do not include eyepieces and objectives. Complete Sets will be found specified on pp. 122 et seq.\nWhen the eyes of the observer differ very markedly the resulting indistinctness in one of the fused images should be rectified by slipping spectacle glasses upon the eyepieces.\n') Where the circumstances render this impracticable it should be noted in the order, and by way of a compromise a pair of objectives which has been accurately centred with respect to the existing microscope should be provided to enable us to make the necessary adjustment. Failing this, we cannot ensure a good central adjustment.","page":68},{"file":"p0069.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"69\n61\nFig. 33.\na: Stand X\u00c4 (i Full Size);\nb: Dermatoscope, being the body of Stand XA attached to a Vulcanite U Foot\n(i Full Size);\nBoth instruments fitted with Objectives and Eyepieces.","page":69},{"file":"p0070.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"70\nStand XA.\nThe Body of the Binocular Tube is detachable, as \u2019shown in Fig. 33, page 69. The square stage measures 100 x 100 mm and has an opening 33 mm in diameter, which can be reduced to 20 mm by the insertion o! a stage stop. Below the stage the stand is fitted with a movable mirror. The stand is alike available for use with incident and transmitted light. Hand Rests are supplied as part of the equipment of the microscope for attachment to the sides of the stage, which adds to the convenience of the instrument when 'used as a dissecting and mounting microscope.\nThe detachable body can be mounted upon a U Foot (d) of Vulcanite by means of the two thumb screws at the back. This foot is supplied with the Microscope XA, unless expressly excluded from the order. In this form, as shown in Fig. 33b, the instrument can be placed upon any object of whatever shape and furnishes thus a very useful Dermatoscope serving for the examination of the skin in incident light. When applied in this way the instrument should be steadied with one hand by the tube bearer. The U Foot may be made of metal, if preferred.\nStand X\u00e4 is supplied in a finely polished mahogany case.\nInstead of the S-shaped tube bearer c shown in Fig. 33 a Straight Upright Pillar No. 12.4930 may be attached to the stage and the binocular tube replaced by a Stereoscopic Camera (page 73) adapted for use with the paired objectives. The binocular tube of Stand XB (Figs. 34 and 35) may likewise be attached to this upright and so used in conjunction with the stage and foot of Stand X\u00c4. The upright has two openings for the attachment of the camera or the tube. The pivot of the Stereoscopic Camera fits into the upper hole. That of the binocular tube is generally inserted into the lower hole, excepting where the object is unusually thick, when it should be pushed into the top hole.\nStand X A may also be provided with a hinge for inclining it. Particulars on application.\nFor Observation by Incident Light it is as a rule sufficient to use daylight or lamplight. If necessary, the illumination can be improved by concentrating the light on the object with the aid of a bull\u2019s eye condenser (page 110). When the illumination so obtained does not suffice the stand may be equipped with the Illuminating Attachment No. 12.4960 (page 73).\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.4905\tVulcanite U Foot for the Dermatoscope . . .\t6.\u2014\tMicabo\n12.4906\tMetal U Foot\t\t6.\u2014\tMicabunt\n12.4930\tStraight Upright Pillar for the attachment of the\t\t\n\tStereoscopic Camera or the Binocular Tube of Stand XB to the stage of Stand XA\t\t10.\u2014\tMi cab is\n12.5000\tDermatoscope, being the body of Stand XA with\t\t\n\tVulcanite U Foot, in case\t\t\tMicabitis\n12.5040\tStand XA with arm Rests and Vulcanite U Foot\t\t\n\t(without objectives and eyepieces), in cabinet .\t195.\u2014\tMicabasait","page":70},{"file":"p0071.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"71\nStand XB.\nStand XB is primarily intended for examining, dissecting and mounting objects which are too large to be accommodated on the stage of Stand XH. In addition, it is available for use as an Aquarium Microscope, for the examination of large vegetable objects, rocks, etc., in fact, for viewing any portion of a large object without disturbing its integrity. The binocular tube is supplied with a separate slide with standard screw, which covers up one opening of the binocular tube and renders the instrument available for use as a monocular microscope with high power lenses. See Z.-S. f. wiss. Mikr. 14, 5\u201410, 1897.\nStand XB is supplied in two patterns, the arrangement of the binocular tube being the same in either.\nStand XB No. 12.5070. The stand is mounted on a heavy rectangular foot (Fig. 34). It is furnished with three rack and pinion movements and can be rotated about four axes. When appropriately used, these mechanical fittings enable the\nFig. 34.\nStand XB No. 12.3070\nand Slide with Objective for Monocular Observation. (I Full Size.)\n63\nNo.\t! 12.5070 i\tStand XB, without Objectives and eyepieces, in\tMarks !\tCodeword\n\talderwood case\t\t260.\u2014\tMicac\u00e9","page":71},{"file":"p0072.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"72\nobserver to survey quite irregularly shaped objects. The tube cannot, however, be lowered so far as to admit of focussing the objectives with respect to the surface of the table or the plane of the base of the foot. To do so it is necessary to use the Intermediate Adapter No. 12.4911. The stand is supplied in an alder-wood case.\nStand XB No. 12.5090. The stand, as shown in Fig. 35, consists of a stout upright surmounting a foot with two long toes set at right angles to one another. The upright carries in a clamping socket an arm about 30 cm long, which can be raised and lowered and moved aside. The binocular microscope attachment is the same as that provided with Stand XB No. 12.5070. The coarse adjustments in height and in transverse directions are, however, in this case made by displacing the socket and horizontal tube by hand. The final focussing during observation is applied with the aid of the rack and pinion motion fitted to the binocular attachment. The upright is fitted with a clamping collar. This\n142\nFig. 35.\nSimplified Stand XB No. 12.5090 with Paired Objectives and Eyepieces, (about i Full Size.)\nNo. I\tMarks Codeword\n12.4911 Intermediate Adapter for use with No. 12.5070\n(page 71) for focussing down to the plane of the base 15.\u2014 Micaceo 12.5090 Simplified Stand XB with alderwood case for the binocular tube attachment (without objectives and eyepieces).................................................160.\u2014 Micacique","page":72},{"file":"p0073.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"73\nserves as a stop for the socket ot the horizontal arm to turn upon, so that it can be made to freely swing about the upright without descending. The radial extension in this arrangement of Stand XB exceeds that obtainable with Stand XB No. 12.5070. The binocular tube is fitted in an alderwood case, the stand being supplied without a container. The slide with the standard screw referred to on page 71 is not included in this outfit.\nIn either pattern of the XB Stand the binocular attachment is interchangeable with a Stereoscopic Camera (DR\u00dcNER, \u00dcber Mikrostereoskopie und eine neue vergr\u00f6\u00dfernde Stereoskopkamera, Z.-S. f. wiss. Mikr. 17, 281\u2014293, 1900, see also our Catalogue relating to Photo-micrographic Apparatus, 7 th Edition, 1912, Booklet Mikro 264, pp. 42 and 43).\nDissecting Stage No. 12.4918. In the event of Stand XB of either pattern being required for observation or preparation in transmitted light this may be conveniently accomplished with the aid of the Dissecting Stage No. 12.4918.\nIlluminating Attachment No. 12.4960. Stands XB are primarily intended for observation by incident light. As a rule daylight or lamplight is sufficient for this purpose. To meet the requirements of those cases, however, where the area under observation needs a rather intense illumination the binocular tube can be fitted with a lighting tube containing a glowlamp and two condenser lenses, by means of which a uniform light can be cast upon the object. This lighting tube can also be appended to Stand XA. The lamps require generally a current of about 74 volts. They may therefore be fed with the current supplied by four 2-volt accumulator cells or by the electric light system, a suitable resistance being interposed in the latter case. The use of a regulating resistance has the advantage that the intensity of the illumination may thereby be varied. Three spare lamps are supplied with the attachment.\nThe resistance coils should not be cut out beyond the limit gauge, otherwise the lamp will burn up prematurely.\nWhen the Illuminating Attachment is required for a microscope supplied on a previous occasion the body of Microscope XA or the binocular tube attachment of Stand XB together with a pair of objectives should be sent for its adaptation.\nThe object may also be illuminated with the aid of lamps of the GRE1L pattern (Booklet Mikro 264, pp. 36 and 39). Respecting the use of the Binocular Tubes with P. Mayer\u2019s Large Dissecting Stand see Booklet Mikro 270.\t\t\t\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.4918\tDissecting Stage for Stand XB\t\t40.\u2014\tMicaceous\n12.4960\tIlluminating Attachment for Binocular Microscopes, with three spare lamps\t\t36.\u2014\tMicaiah\n12.4961\tResistances, including 2 m of flexible cord and contact plug, for a 110-volt supply current\t\t16.50\tM/calete\n12.4962\tn ^ 220\"\t\u201e\t\u201e\t\u201e\t\t\t23.\u2014\tMicamini\n12.4965\tSpare Lamps, 74 volts, each\t\t1.50\tMicamus","page":73},{"file":"p0074.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"74\nb) Monocular Erecting Prism Microscopes.\nStand XI.\nStand XI (Fig. 36) has been primarily designed for use with Objective a* with its exceptionally large field and variable range of magnifications. To secure the full benefit of all the resources of this objective the stand is so designed that, it admits of the objective being racked a long distance from the object stage.\nFig. 36.\nMonocular Erecting Prism Microscope with Objective a* and Eyepiece No. 2.\n(I Full Size.)\nNo.\tj Marks\tCodeword\n12.5310\tStand XI, Erecting Prism Microscope, with alder-\t\n\twood case, without objectives or eyepieces . .140.\u2014\tMicandi","page":74},{"file":"p0075.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"75\nMoreover, the stage opening and the mirror are exceptionally large. The stage measures 10 x 10 cm and has an opening 4 cm in diameter which can be reduced to 2 cm by the insertion of a stop. The plane and concave mirror has a diameter of 7 cm and is movable in all directions. In other respects the lower portion of the stand is similar to Stand XA.\nThe arm which carries the tube can be moved up and down in two alternative ways, viz, either in the ordinary manner by rack and pinion or by the displacement of the tube carriage within a dovetailed bearing, wherein it can be clamped by a tommy screw.\nThe tube is fitted with an erecting PORRO Prism. The lower end of the tube carries the standard screw thread. The mechanical tube length, allowing for the presence of a thick stratum of glass, is 145 mm, so that the attachment of a revolving nosepiece establishes the normal tube-length. To render the stand available for use without a nosepiece a collar of a depth of 15 mm is supplied with it. The use of the nosepiece is, however, to be recommended since it provides a convenient means for rapidly passing from dissection under a low power to observation under ahigh magnification. The intermediate collar should, of course, be removed whenever the nosepiece is to be attached.\nA detailed description of the construction of the instrument is to be found in an article by P. CULMANN, Monokulares bildaufrichtendes Prismenmikroskop, Z.-S. f. wiss. Mikr. 20, 416\u2014420, 1903.\nStand XI is adapted for use with objectives of low and medium power up to Objective D, with the exception of Objective a0, in the place of which we supply for use with this stand an Objective of 55 mm focus (No. 11.2000) with a very long working distance.\nOur Drawing Cameras (p. 78) can be attached to Stand XI as to any of our other monocular stands.\nThe upper portion of the stand can be used in conjunction with P. MAYER\u2019s Large Dissecting Microscope, as described in our booklet Mikro 270, the arm carrying the tube being in this case replaced by a longer arm.\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n11.2000\tMicroscope Objective of 55 mm focus, for use 1\tij\n\twith Stand XI \t\t15.\u2014 1 Micando\n","page":75},{"file":"p0076.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"76\n404\nFig. 37.\nStand HIE with Nosepiece and Objectives attached, accommodated in its Cabinet, the Vulcanite Stage No. 12.0670 being attached to the side^of the case.\n(Fig. i Full Size.)\nj-\u00c7AR\u00ceSgj","page":76},{"file":"p0077.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"77\nMicroscope Cabinets and Cases.\nThe Cabinets and Cases provided for safely keeping the stands and for transporting them from one place to another are dimensioned with a view to compactness; nevertheless, with the exception of the case of Stand VI, sufficient room is furnished for the accommodation of the entire instrument with its objectives, nose-piece, and eyepiece in position as well as an adequate number of additional objectives and eyepieces and a few accessories (Fig. 37).\nThe price of the cabinet or case is included in that of the stand, unless otherwise stated.\nLeather Travelling Cases for the protection of the mahogany cases are made by us in three regular sizes.\nIf desired, the owner\u2019s name may be engraved on the stand at a charge of M. 3.\u2014 (Codeword: Micante).\nFor attachment to the Cases we supply Nickel-plated Name Plates engraved with the Owner\u2019s Name. Price: M. 5.\u2014 Codeword: Micantem.\nMarks\nLeather Travelling\tCase\tfor\tStands I, III,\tIV ...\t36.\u2014\n>>\t>>\t>>\tn\tStand\tV................32.\u2014\n>\u00bb\t\u00bb>\t\u00bb\th\tStand\tVI...................28.\u2014\nCodeword\nNicandum\nMicanrel\nMicans","page":77},{"file":"p0078.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"78\nIII. Accessory Apparatus for Use with\nthe Microscope.\nA. Drawing Appliances.\nIn the drawing cameras here described the drawing surface is seen by two successive reflections, whilst the pencil of light which emerges from the microscope or magnifier reaches the eye without undergoing a deflection from its direct path. The movements of the drawing pencil are accordingly seen without mirror reversals.\nIn addition to the old form of Camera Lucida introduced by us in 1869, the Drawing Prism No. 12.6000 illustrated in Fig. 38, we supply improved forms of the ABBE Drawing Camera, which was devised by ABBE some twenty years ago. These cameras are made in three different forms for use with the microscope in its upright or inclined position. A fourth pattern has recently been introduced for use with horizontal observation instruments. A special pattern has been devised for attachment to MAYER\u2019s Dissecting Microscope, in which the reflecting planes are set at an angle which differs from that usually adopted. Details respecting this camera may be found in our booklet Mikro 270.\nWhereas in the Drawing Prism, as indeed in most drawing instruments, only a portion of the exit pupil can be turned to account, the full area of the transmitted pencil is effective in the cameras of the ABBE type. Hence no loss of light occurs in the microscopic image, even when the highest powers are used, and at the same time the drawing surface and the drawing pencil can be clearly seen. This is accomplished by the use of the so-called ABBE cube, which consists ol two right-angled glass prisms with similar sides cemented together at their hypotenuse faces, the cube being situated with its centre near the eyepoint of the eyepiece or magnifier. The upper prism is silvered at the cemented face save a small central opening of 1 mm or 2 mm, as the case may be.\nThe relative Illumination of the Drawing Surface and the Microscopic Image can be modified in all our drawing appliances by the interposition of Smoked Glasses. In the case of the Drawing Prism No. 12.6000 and the Drawing Camera No. 12.6010 one or two moderating glasses may be slid into a small frame attached to the prism mount, whilst the brightness of the image should be moderated either by stopping down the illuminating pencil or by using tinted glasses with the illuminating apparatus.\nIn the case of the Drawing Cameras No. 12.6011 and No. 12.6012 the illumination is regulated by means of a revolving cap fitted at the sides with a","page":78},{"file":"p0079.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"79\ngraded sequence o! live moderating glasses and an eccentrically pivoted revolving disc fitted likewise with a sequence of five moderating glasses. The revolving cap serves to regulate the brightness of the drawing surface, whilst the disc controls that of the microscopic image. In the cap as well as the disc there is a sixth hole, which is left empty to allow of these fittings remaining attached to the apparatus when no moderating effect is required in either one or the other.\nThe Drawing Cameras No. 12.6011 and No. 12.6012 are provided with two cubes having apertures of 1 mm and 2 mm respectively, which can be readily interchanged after the detachment of the moderating cap. The larger aperture is preferable when drawing with very low magnifications in view of the larger exit pupil which then obtains.\nFor a Detailed Description see our booklet Mikro 118.\nObservers with an abnormal sight may have their drawing apparatus fitted with a suitable spectacle lens.\na\nFig. 38.\na: Drawing Prism (Camera lucida) No. 12.6000.\n(J Full Size.)\nb: Diagram showing the trace of the rays.\n(Scale 2:1.)\nNo. 12.6000. Drawing Prism (Camera lucida). This drawing prism is supplied in the form shown in Fig. 38. The prism casing turns about a horizontal pin and can be raised and lowered. It attaches to the microscope tube by a sprung collar and can be swung aside about a vertical post. When the prism is in its working position the top edge of the upper prism, as seen through the sighting hole in the mount, should pass accurately through the centre of the exit pupil. The surface upon which the drawing paper rests should be inclined at an angle of 25\u00b0 to the axis of the microscope. We supply for this purpose the Drawing Board No. 12.6060 (page 83).\nNo.\n12.6000 Drawing Prism (Camera lucida), in case\nMarks Codeword\n21.\u2014 j Micantes","page":79},{"file":"p0080.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"80 \u2014\nFig. 39.\nSmall Abbe Drawing Camera 12.6010. (i Full Size.)\nH\nFig. 40.\nAbbe Drawing Apparatus No. 12.6011. (\u00ef Full Size.)\nr^jenaJ","page":80},{"file":"p0081.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"81\nNo. 12.6010. Small ABBE Drawing Camera. The prism casing, together with a mirror arm 105 mm long, is hinged to the collar by which the apparatus is attached to the microscope tube (Fig. 39). The mirror measures 75 x 50 mm. The clamping collar should be attached to the microscope tube before inserting the eyepiece. The upper portion, i. e. the casing and mirror, being hinged, can be folded back. This arrangement enables the draftsman during the operation of drawing to control his work by viewing the object direct without the intervention of the prism. When the hinged portion is swung back the cube resumes its exact position.\nIn this form the apparatus is not available lor use with micrometer eyepieces (in which the eyepiece is focussed with respect to the plane of the diaphragm, p. 85). Where it is required to use an eyepiece micrometer of this kind this should be stated in the order. We supply in this case a slightly modified pattern in which the casing containing the \u00c4BBE cube only is hinged, whereas the mirror remains stationary.\nNo. 12.6011. ABBE Drawing Camera. In this pattern, after the removal of the eyepiece, the clamping collar of the drawing apparatus should be slipped over the tube and secured thereto by tightening the screw s (Fig. 40). By suitably raising or lowering the clamping collar the unsilvered aperture in the prism may be easily rendered coincident with the exit pupil of the microscope, and it can be accurately centred by means of the screws L and H.\nThe size of the mirror and the length of its arm are the same as in the preceding drawing camera. The casing with the prism and the moderating glasses can be swung aside about the pin Z into the position indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 40.\nNo. 12.6012. * Large ABBE Drawing Apparatus. This pattern has been designed for drawing with optical combinations furnishing a very large field of view. It resembles Camera No. 12.6011. The mirror measures 125 x 80 mm and its arm is 125 mm long.\nNo. 12.6025. \u00bbDrawing Apparatus for use with Horizontal Instruments of Observation. In this pattern the \u00c4BBE cube is combined with a reversing prism and attached to a horizontal arm which by a sliding cross coupling can be displaced along an upright mounted upon a round foot, the arrangement being similar to that shown in Fig. 42, page 83. The drawing surface is horizontal as in the other instruments.\nTo draw upon a horizontal surface with the microscope tube in its horizontal position the mirror should be detached from the ABBE drawing camera and a reversing prism used in its place so that the movements of the drawing pencil may be seen without mirror effects. \u00c4 reversing prism of this kind may be fitted to the Cameras No. 12.6011 and No. 12.6012 by a folding hinge.\nNo.\n12.6010\tSmall ABBE Drawing Camera, in case . . .\n12.6011\tABBE Drawing Camera, in case.................\n12.6012\tLarge ABBE Drawing Apparatus in case .\t.\n12.6025 Drawing Apparatus for use with Horizontal\nI Instruments of Observation.................\nMarks\tCodeword\n30.-\tMicaslate\n60.\u2014\tMicatibus\n72.\u2014\tMicatio\n68.\u2014\tMi cat ion","page":81},{"file":"p0082.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"82\nDrawing Stages and Accessories.\nWhen the mirror oi the ABBE drawing apparatus is inclined at an angle of 45\u00b0 with respect to the axis of the microscope it is not possible to see the entire field of view on the drawing paper. To do so one inclines the mirror a little further. To obtain pictures which are free from distortion it becomes then necessary to provide a suitably inclined drawing surface. We supply for this purpose adjustable drawing stages and drawing desks of various patterns.\nThe * Drawing Stages devised by BERNHARD (Z.-S. f. wiss. Mikr. 9, 439\u2014445, 1892 and 11, 298\u2014301, 1894, and our booklet Mikro 118), of which we make two patterns, has provisions for raising and lowering the drawing surface with respect to the table and also for inclining it.\nThe drawing surface can be raised to a height of 17 cm and inclined at any angle ranging from 0 to about 35\u00b0. The microscope clamps to the base of the stage. An arm rest is attached to the drawing board to steady the draftsman\u2019s hand.\nBERNHARD\u2019S Drawing Stage is supplied either with a hinged platform for\nFig. 41.\nBernhard's Drawing Stage No. 12.6050 with Microcope and Drawing Apparatus attached. (I Full Size.)\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.6050\tBERNHARD\u2019s Drawing Stage with base for tilt-\t\t\n\tin g the microscope and the drawing board .\t.\t52.-\tM/ca t ione\n12.6055\tBERNHARD\u2019s Drawing Stage, for use with the\ti\t\n\tmicroscope in the upright position only . '\t45.-\tMicationem","page":82},{"file":"p0083.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"83\ntilting the microscope bodily as well as the drawing board, No. 12.6050 (Fig. 41 ), and for use with the microscope in the upright position only, No. 12.6055.\nNo. 12.6060. In addition to the above we supply a simple Drawing Desk of Limewood (Fig. 42), which is permanently inclined at an angle of 25\u00b0 with respect to the drawing surface. This is more particularly intended for use with the Drawing Prism No. 12.6000.\nNo. 12.6090. *GILTSCH\u2019s Drawing Stand. The stand consists of an upright graduated into centimetres surmounting a heavy foot and a horizontal arm attached thereto by a cross socket (Fig. 42) and in conjunction with either the Drawing Prism No. 12.6000 or the Drawing Apparatus No. 12.6011 serves for sketching objects in their natural size. For the attachment of these instruments the horizontal arm is fitted at one end with a pivoted socket. The stand serves also for drawing with the aid of the aplanatic lens of 6 diameters and 10 diameters respectively (Mikro 188) or spectacle lenses, an intermediate adapter being required for the attachment of the aplanatic lens of 10 diameters and spectacle lenses.\nFig. 42.\nGlLTSCH\u2019s Drawing Stand No. 12.6090 and Drawing Desk No. 12.6060.\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.6060\tSimple Drawing Board\t\t2.50\tMicationis\n12.6090\tGlLTSCH\u2019s Drawing Desk, without intermediate\t\t\n\tadapter\t\t30.\u2014\tMicationum\n12.6091\tRing Adapter for the lOxAplanatic Lens 1 foruse with I\t1.\u2014\tMicatis\n12.6092\t\u201e\t\u201e\t\u201e Spectacle Lenses .\t. j No. 12.6090 j\t1.\u2014\tMicator","page":83},{"file":"p0084.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"84\nB. Measuring and Counting Devices.\nMeasuring Devices.\nEyepiece Micrometers.\nFor measuring objects under the microscope it is generally sufficient to employ simple Eyepiece Micrometers, i. e. thin glass plates with fine divisions ruled upon them, which should be placed upon the eyepiece diaphragm with the ruled face downwards. The reading of each interval of the scale in terms of the actual dimensions of the object should be calibrated for each objective and eyepiece combination by comparison with a good stage micrometer (page 87).\nWe supply two forms of Eyepiece Micrometers, viz. Plain Line Micrometers and Contrast Micrometers (Z.-S. f. wiss. Mikr. 24, 366\u2014369, 1907).\nThe Plain Line Micrometers have a series of fine parallel lines ruled upon them, as follows:\nNo.\t11.5100.\t\u00c4 scale\tof 5 mm divided into\ttenths of a millimetre,\nNo.\t11.5101.\t\u00c4 scale\tof 5 mm divided into\ttwentieths of a\tmillimetre,\nNo. 11.5102. R scale of 10 mm divided into tenths of a millimetre.\nThe Contrast Micrometers are photographed scales consisting of squares lying with one of their diagonals along a straight line. The projecting corners of the squares and the diagonals joining them in each square determine the intervals of the scale, whilst the tangent corners bisect these intervals. We supply Contrast Micrometers with fine and coarse divisional squares. The squares may be black or red.\nNo. 11.5130. Scale of 5 mm divided by 50 squares into 0.1 and 0.05 mm.\nNo.\t11.5140.\tScale of\t10 mm divided by 25\tsquares into 0.4\tand 0.2 mm.\nThe\tEyepiece\tMicrometers have diameters of\t21 and 19 mm\trespectively,\nthe former being adapted for ordinary eyepieces, the latter for adjustable micrometer eyepieces, as described below.\nNo. 11.5100\tEyepiece Micrometer: 5 mm divided into 50 parts,\tMarks\tCodeword\n11.5101\tin capsule\t Eyepiece Micrometer: 5 mm divided into 100 parts,\t5.\u2014\tMica tote\n11.5102\tin capsule\t Eyepiece Micrometer: 10 mm divided into 100 parts,\t7.50\tMicatuum\n\tin capsule\t\t7.50\tMicatus\n11.5130\tContrast Micrometer, fine\t\t10.-\tNicchetto\n11.5140\tContrast Micrometer, coarse\t\t10.\u2014\tMiccia","page":84},{"file":"p0085.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"85\nWhen ordering Eyepiece Micrometers it should therefore be stated whether the micrometers are required for adjustable or for ordinary eyepieces.\nWith the Eyepiece Micrometers we provide Directions for Glass Micrometers, booklet Mikro 273. In addition, a Table (Mikro 136) is added which gives the approximate reading values of the intervals of the micrometer scale when used in conjunction with achromatic objectives and Huyghenian eyepieces. These values would be sufficiently accurate if it were possible to maintain the optical tube-length constant in all cases. Rs a matter of fact, this is subject to inevitable small discrepancies arising from small variations in the focal lengths of the objectives and eyepieces, and the optical tube-length changes also slightly when the mounts of the objectives are adjusted to nosepieces or sliding changers to ensure their central and focal agreement.\nWhen Eyepiece Micrometers are used in conjunction with apochromatic objectives and the Compensating Eyepiece No. 6 each one tenth interval reads approximately as many s as there are millimetres in the focal length of the objective, a being the one-thousandth part of a millimetre, also called a micron or micromillimetre (Z.-S. f. wiss. Mikr. 5, 150\u2014155, 1888). Each interval would read accordingly 16 n with the 16-mm apochromatic objective, 8 fi with the 8-mm apochromatic objective, etc.; but, again, owing to slight variations of the optical tube-length occasioned by the causes referred to these\nreadings are approximate only.\nTo obtain exact micrometer readings the intervals of the micrometer should therefore be calibrated for any given set of objectives and eyepieces by comparison with a good Stage Micrometer (p. 87).\nMicrometer Eyepieces. To provide a means of sharply focussing the micrometer scale with respect to different eyesights (for instance to enable an observer to measure with or without his spectacles on) we supply micrometer eyepieces in which the eyelens or the optical combination situated between the eyepiece diaphragm and the eye is adjustable with respect to the eyepiece stop. R Focussing Eyepiece of this kind fitted with a micrometer scale constitutes a Micrometer Eyepiece. fls a rule, Huyghenian Eyepieces Nos. 2 and 3 (Nos. 11.5202 and 11.5203) are fitted up in this way for use with the achromatic objectives and the Compensating Eyepiece No. 6 (No. 11.5406) for use with the apochromatic objectives, of the eyepiece mount unscrews for the more convenient\nFig. 43.\nFocussing Eyepiece with Unscrewing Half.\n(Full Size.)\nThe upper portion insertion and removal of the micrometer scale (page 103).\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n11.5202\tMicrometer Eyepiece No. H. 2, being a Focussing Huyghenian Eyepiece No. 2 with Micrometer No. 11.5100\t\t16.-\tMicciebant\n11.5203\tMicrometer Eyepiece No. H. 3, being a Focussing Huyghenian Eyepiece No. 3 with Micrometer No. 11.5100\t\t\t16.-\tNiccientem\n11.5406 '\tMicrometer Eyepiece No. C. 6, being a Focussing Compensating Eyepiece No. 6 with Micrometer No. 11.5100\t\t30.\u2014\tNiedere","page":85},{"file":"p0086.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"86\nThese Micrometer Eyepieces may be fitted with a drum containing a fine screw for the lateral displacement of the micrometer scale, the instrument being then described as a Drum Micrometer Eyepiece, or with a movable index, when the instrument is known as a Pointer Eyepiece (page 102). The Drum Micro* meter Eyepieces are exclusively adaptions of the Huyghenian Eyepieces Nos. 2 and 3 (Nos. 11.5502 and 11.5503) and the Compensating Eyepiece No. 6 (No. 11.5506).\nScrew Micrometer Eyepiece. The Screw Micrometer Eyepiece furnishes a means of making very accurate measurements. It consists of a very carefully worked micrometer device with divided drum head and a R\u00c4MSDEN Eyepiece\nFig. 44.\nScrew Micrometer Eyepiece No. 11.5560. Cross Section and Plan View.\n(j Full Size.)\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n11.5502\tDrum Micrometer Eyepiece No. 2, being a Huyghenian EyepieceNo. 2 with Micrometer No. 11.5100, in case\t40.\u2014\tMiccieria\n11.5503\tDrum Micrometer Eyepiece No. 3, being a Huyghenian Eyepiece No. 3 with Micrometer No. 11.5100, in case\t40.\u2014\tMiccimus\n11.5506\tDrum Micrometer EyepieceNo. 6, being a Compensating Eyepiece No. 6 with Mircrometer No. 11.5100, in case \t\t53.\u2014\tMiccingogo\n11.5560\tScrew Micrometer Eyepiece with R\u00c4MSDEN Eyepiece for use with achromatic objectives, in case\t90.-\tMiccinina\n11.5566\tScrew Micrometer Eyepiece with Compensating Eyepiece No. 6 for apochromatic objectives, in case\t105.-\tMiccinino","page":86},{"file":"p0087.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"87\n(No. 11.5560) of a focus of about 20 mm and magnifying accordingly about 12 times or the Compensating Eyepiece No. 6 (No. 11.5566), as shown in Fig. 44. \u00c4 thin glass plate upon which is ruled a cross and a double line is mounted on a slide immediately below a stationary micrometer scale and can be displaced by the micrometer screw. The cross furnishes an index which should be accurately set to coincide with the particles whose distance is to be measured, whilst the double line serves to count the entire revolutions of the screw with the aid of the scale which is seen in the field of view. The drum has fifty divisions. Each division of the drum corresponds to a displacement of the index through a distance of 0.01 mm, whilst a complete revolution is equivalent to a displacement of 0.5 mm. The index can be moved through a range of 4 mm across the image formed by the object.\nThe actual reading value of each interval of the drum head in terms of the linear dimensions of the object requires to be accurately calibrated for each objective with the aid of a stage micrometer.\nGoniometer Eyepieces for Measuring the Angles of Microscopic Objects. The eyepieces which are adapted for goniometric measurements are the Huyghenian Eyepieces Nos. 2 and 3 (Nos. 11.5582 and 11.5583) and the Compensating Eyepiece No. 4 (No. 11.5594). The Goniometer Eyepieces are constructed on the pattern of the Micrometer Eyepieces. They are provided with a glass disc resting upon the diaphragm and having several parallel lines and a transverse line ruled upon it. At the top flange the eyepiece is fitted with a socket over the tube and three screws for its attachment thereto.\nWhere the divided circle of our Analyser No. II (No. 12.7832, page 94) forms already part of the available microscope the goniometer eyepiece may be adapted to it, in which case it is supplied with an index but without a divided circle. The price of the Goniometer Eyepiece (including adaptation) reduces in this case to M. 12.\u2014. The existing divided circle should be sent to us for the adaptation of the eyepiece.\nStage Micrometer.\nOf Stage Micrometers we supply three regular patterns, viz:\nNo. 12.6300. One millimetre divided into one hundred parts.\nNo. 12.6303. Three millimetres divided into tenths of a millimetre and again one tenth into hundredths of a millimetre.\nNo. 12.6310. One centimetre divided into millimetres and one of these divided into tenths of a millmetre.\nNo. 11.5582\tGoniometer Eyepiece H.2\t\tMarks 35.\u2014\tCodeword Miccino\n11.5583\ttf\t\u00bb\tH.3\t\t35.-\tMicclon\n11.5584\t>>\ttt\tC.4\t\t48.\u2014\tMicciremus\n12.6300\tStage Micrometer (1:100), in case\t\t10.-\tMicciades\n12.6303\t\u201e\t,,\t(3:10, 0.1:10), in case . .\t8.50\tMiccianza\n12.6310\t\u201e\t\u201e\t(10:10, 1:10), in case .\t.\t.\t6.\u2014\tMiccichino","page":87},{"file":"p0088.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"88\nNo. 12.6350. Stage Screw Micrometer (Fig. 45). This is a form of stage micrometer which we have devised for very exact measurements of objects which are too extensive to be included in the field of view of the microscope. It consists of a slide and carriage with a revolving and graduated circular stage and a micrometer screw which actuates the sliding carriage.. Each complete turn of the micrometer screw imparts to the object a displacement of 0.2 mm, and,\nFig. 45.\nObject Stage Micrometer No. 12.6350.\nCross Section and Plan View.\n(\u00a3 Full Size.)\nsince the circumference of the drum head has one hundred divisions, it follows that each division reads 0.002 mm. Complete turns of the drum head are counted by an indicator. The range of measurement of the screw is 10 mm.\nThe Screw Stage Micrometer is adapted for use with most of our stands. Its attachment to the microscope stage varies, however, very considerably according to the construction of the latter. When ordering, it will therefore be necessary to specify the stand and the stage with which it is proposed to use the instrument. When so supplied the instrument cannot be used indiscriminately on other microscope stands without re-adaptation. Also, the apparatus does not admit of the object being illuminated by means of the usual types of condensers.\nNo.\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.6350 Screw Stage Micrometer, in case\t i\t120.\u2014\tNicciverat","page":88},{"file":"p0089.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"89\nRules and Divided Circles.\nRules of German silver have bevelled edges. Rules and Completely Divided Circles oi Plate Glass are figured in mirror type. The ruled face may thus be placed in immediate contact with the drawing or other object which is to be measured and read without parallax. These Rules and Circles are intended for measuring lengths and angles, but they are not adapted for plotting since the lines are not produced to the edge.\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.6400\tRule of German Silver, being 10 cm divided into\t\t\n\tmillimetres\t\t4.\u2014\tMiccivisti\n\tPlate Glass Rules with single divisions:\t\t\n12.6440\t5 centimetres divided into half millimetres .\t.\t3.\u2014\tMiccotrogo\n12.6451\t10 centimetres divided into millimetres ....\t4.-\tMice\n12.6452\t20\tyy\t\u201e\tr\tn\t....\t8.-\tMicellar\n12.6453\t30\t\u201e\tr>\tyy\tn\t....\t12.-\tMicemus\n\tPlate Glass Rules with Double Set of divisions\t\t\n\t(millimetres on one side, English inches on the\t\t\n\tother):\t\t\n12.6470\t5 centimetres divided into half millimetres, 2 inches\t\t\n\tdivided into 48 parts\t\t4.50\tMicendum\n12.6481\t10 centimetres divided into millimetres, 4 inches\t\t\n\tdivided into 48 parts\t\t6.-\tMicene\n\tCompletely Divided Circles of Plate Glass:\t\t\n12.6490\tCircle 8 cm in diameter divided into entire degrees\t14.-\tMicent\n12.6491\tCircle 12 cm in diameter divided into half degrees\t20.\u2014\tMicerent","page":89},{"file":"p0090.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"90\nAppliances for Measuring Thicknesses.\nNo. 12.6500. Cover Glass Gauge. The apparatus is mounted on a heavy foot and consists essentially of a screw with divided drum head and a scale reading complete revolutions. The instrument supplies direct readings of 0.01 mm and is suitable for measuring the thickness of cover-glasses, slides, thin plates, etc. It measures objects up to 5 mm thick.\nNo. 12.6510. Cover Glass Gauge, Dial Pattern. In this instrument thicknesses are measured between the jaws of callipers projecting from a circular box. Readings are furnished by the movements of a pointer which moves over a dial which forms the lid of the box. The graduation reads hundredths of a millimetre. The instrument will measure objects up to 8 mm thick.\nCounting Appliances.\nFor counting small particles, such as blood corpuscles, yeast cells, bacteria and such like, one employs Cross Line Micrometers. These are applied either in the form of Eyepiece Cross Line Micrometers or in that of Stage Cross Line Micrometers.\nEyepiece Cross Line Micrometer. This consists of a thin disc of glass 19 mm in diameter similar to the ordinary eyepiece micrometer and having ruled upon it a square of 5x5 mm divided into squares of lxl mm (No. 12.5160) or of 0.5x0.5 mm (No. 12.5165), as may be preferred. This micrometer disc should be placed with the ruled face downwards upon the diaphragm of a Focussing Eyepiece (page 85).\nThe actual reading values of each square of the Eyepiece Cross Line Micrometer in terms of the dimensions of the object require to be calibrated for each combination of objective and eyepiece by means of a Stage Micrometer (Booklet Mikro 273).\nNo. 12.5180. EHRLICH\u2019S Eyepiece Stops. The Eyepiece Stops suggested by P. EHRLICH are provided with square apertures of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 9 mm side and serve, after the manner of cross line micrometers, for counting objects within a field of a known magnitude.\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.6500\tCover Glass Gauge\t\t20.-\tMicetis\n12.6510\tCover Glass Gauge, Dial Pattern\t\t33.-\tMicetomisa\n11.5160\tEyepiece Cross Line Micrometer, 1 mm squares, in capsule\t\t5.\u2014\tMichael\n11.5165\tEyepiece Cross Line Micrometer, 0.5 mm squares, in capsule\t\t5.-\tMichaelia\n11.5180\tP. EHRLICH\u2019s Eyepiece Stops, Set of seven. .\t10.-\tMichaelis","page":90},{"file":"p0091.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"91\nExcepting when the EHRLICH Stops are merely required to compare the numbers of particles contained within the same area the actual reading values of the squares in terms of dimensions of the object require to be calibrated for each combination of objective and eyepiece with the aid of a stage micrometer.\nThe EHRLICH Stops are adapted for use with focussing eyepieces only.\nStage Cross Line Micrometer. Stage Cross Line Micrometers are usually employed in conjunction with a Counting Chamber, i. e. a cell of a uniform and accurately determined depth, the cross line micrometer forming the bottom of the cell. In the THOMA Counting Chamber No. 12.6600, which is more extensively used than any other, the ruling consists of 400 squares having an area of one square millimetre each.\nThe rulings of the Cross Line Micrometers vary very largely, and the counting chambers vary likewise in their sizes and depths. They are chiefly used for counting blood corpuscles. The most extensively used Counting Chamber together with appurtenances for counting are described in our booklet Mikro 10.\nNo. 12.6604. *THOMA Blood Counting Apparatus or Haemacytometer. This device consists of a counting chamber and one or two accurately calibrated Mixing Pipettes, the whole being fitted into a case. We supply the apparatus in various combinations, the one most extensively used being THOMA\u2019s Haemacytometer with a Mixing Pipette for Red Corpuscles and another for White Corpuscles.\nNo. 12.6960. *B\u00dcRKER\u2019s Haemacytometer. This arrangement is devised with a view to minimising the errors which may arise in the act of setting up the apparatus and mixing in the pipettes, to accomplish which the apparatus is set up before use, the blood mixture is prepared in a separate vessel, and separate transference pipettes are used. A complete apparatus of this kind is now available for counting red corpuscles. Directions and Charts for plotting the counts are provided with the apparatus.\nCf. Separate Prospectus of Counting Chambers, Complete Sets of Counting Apparatus and Accessories: Mikro 10.\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.6600\tTHOMA Counting Chambers (Stage Cross Line Micrometer with two cover-glasses), in case .\t.\t14. -\tMichaelite\n12.6604\tTHOMA Haemacytometer, being a Counting Chamber No. 12.6600 with two Mixing Pipettes, in case \t\t27.-\tMichaelmas\n12.6960\tB\u00dcRKER\u2019s Apparatus for Counting Red Blood Corpuscles, complete\t\t66.\u2014\tMichaelmos","page":91},{"file":"p0091s0001.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"ImLZEist\nJENA\nMikro 184, Beilage Nr. 5.\nBetrifft S. 90.\nDer Deckglastaster Nr. 12.6500 und der Deckglastaster in Dosenform Nr. 12.6510 werden nicht mehr geliefert.\nStatt dessen f\u00fchren wir den\nDeckglastaster Nr. 12.6505 Preis: ^#50.\u2014 Telegr.-Wort: Middeling\nDie Konstruktion dieses Tasters ist \u00e4hnlich der von Nr. 12.6500.\nG. VII. 19.","page":0},{"file":"p0092.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"92\nC. *Apertometers, *Test Plate, *Diffraction\nApparatus.\nApertometers. The Apertometer is a simple apparatus devised by \u00c4BBE in 1876 for determining the numerical and angular aperture of objectives. It can be used with any large or medium sized stand fitted with a draw-tube. The apparatus is supplied with a low power objective of about 40 mm focus which screws into the lower end of the draw-tube. The auxiliary microscope thus formed by the combination of this objective and the eyepiece having been focussed upon the exit pupil of the objective attached to the end of the tube proper, the aperture of the latter may be read off the rulings on the apertometer by means of two movable metal indices.\nThe theory of the apparatus and the method of measuring with it are explained in a paper by HBBE, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. (1), 1, 19\u201422, 1878, and (1), 3, 20\u201431, 1880; E. ABBE, Gesammelte Abhandl. I, 113\u2014118, 1904, and 227\u2014243; also DIPPEL, \u201eDas Mikroskop\u201c, I, 348\u2014352. Directions of the use of the ABBE Apertometer, leaflet Mikro 114, are supplied with the instrument.\nWe supply two patterns of the Apertometer. In one of these (No. 12.7600) the indices move upon the glass plate without metal guides, whilst in the other (No. 12.7605) the glass slab is mounted upon a metal plate with a slot for the easier and more accurate displacement of the indices.\nas seen from above\tas seen from the side\nFig. 46.\nApertometer No. 12.7600. (About J Full Size.)\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.7600\tABBE Apertometer, in case\t\t70.\u2014\tMichaelstag\n12.7605\tABBE Apertometer, with metal slide way for the\t\t\n\tindices\t\t90.-\tMichaiah","page":92},{"file":"p0093.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"93\nNo. 12.7610. Test Plate. This was devised by ABBE in 1876 as a means of testing objectives with respect to their spherical and chromatic aberrations and for ascertaining the thickness of the cover-glass at which the correction of the objective is best. When used in conjunction with the ABBE illuminating apparatus as a means of establishing the conditions of critical illumination it serves to bring out prominently the slightest imperfections in the correction.\nThe Test Plate, as now made, consists of an object slide upon which is mounted a long narrow strip of optically plane cover glass, which tapers uniformly from 0.24 mm at one end to 0.09 mm at the other end. A scale is attached to the device, by means of which the thickness at any point of the wedge can be read accurately within 0.01 mm. The bottom of the cover-glass is silvered and has ruled upon it four sets of parallel lines. The jagged edges of these rulings form exceedingly sensitive test objects for objectives of the highest power.\nDetails respecting the method of applying the test have been published by E. ABBE, Arch. f. mikr. Anat., 9, 434\u2014437, 1873; Gesammelte Abhandlungen, 1, 66\u201468, 1904; DIPPEL, Das Mikroskop, 1, 340; as well as in the \u2019\u2019Directions\u201c, Mikro 116, supplied with the Test Plate.\nNo. 12.7620. Diffraction Apparatus. This apparatus was devised by Abbe in 1876 for demonstrating the effects of diffraction in the formation of microscopical images. It consists of a Diffraction Plate No. 12.7621 and a Set of Stops with a fitting for supporting and rotating them above the objective.\nThe stops supplied with the Diffraction Apparatus are adapted for use with the Objective aa only.\nThe successful use of this demonstration apparatus implies an adequate knowledge of the theory of diffraction. Information on the subject may be gleaned from textbooks on microscopy and various papers. We may refer the reader amongst others to the Monthly Micr. Journ., 17, 82\u201488, 1877; DIPPEL, Das Mikroskop, 1, 147 \u2014 156; ZIMMERMANN, Das Mikroskop, 46\u201451, Vienna, 1895; M\u00dcLLER-POUILLET, Lehrb. der Physik, 2, Vol. 3, tenth Edition by O. LUMMER, Brunswick, 1907.\nNo. 12.7621. Diffraction Plate. This device consists of a glass slide upon which are mounted three cover glasses. The lower sides of the latter are silvered and have a number of simple and crossed gratings ruled upon them.\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.7610\tABBE Test Plate, in case\t\t10.-\tMichauxie\n12.7620\tABBE Diffraction Apparatus\t\t20.-\tMiche\n12.7621\tABBE Diffraction Plate only, in case ....\t8.-\tMichel","page":93},{"file":"p0094.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"94\nD. Appliances for Microscopic Observation with Polarised Light.\nPolarisers.\nThe Polarisers, as usually supplied for use with microscopes have their end surfaces inclined to the axis of vision.\nNo. 12.7801. Polariser No. 1. This polariser has an aperture of 10 mm and is intended for use with the Stands I, 111 and IV. The polariser is contained in a metal mount which drops from above into the diaphragm carrier, to which it is then secured from below by means of a lock ring. The flange of the mount is recessed for the reception of mounted mica and selenite films.\nNo. 12.8702. PolariserNo.il. This polariser has an aperture of 8 mm and is supplied as an attachment to the Condenser of Stand VD. Polariser No. II can be attached to the iris-diaphragm of the illuminating apparatus No. 11.4310 (page 31) and may be supplied at any time as an addition to the microscope.\nPolarisers should preferably be used on stands fitted with revolving stages.\nAnalysers.\nThe Analysers usually supplied by us take the form of prisms having an aperture of 6 mm and have the end faces at right angles to the axis of the microscope.\nNo. 12.7831. Analyser No. I. This analyser is comtained in a metal mount which is so shaped that it will rest upon the eyepiece.\nNo. 12.7832. Analyser No. II. This analyser revolves within a graduated circle fitted with a socket for attachment to the microscope tube. The eyepiece should be slipped into the tube when the analyser has been secured in position.\nNo.\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.7801 Polariser No. I, for use with Stands I, III and IV\t22.-\tMichele\n12.7802 Polariser No. II, for use on Stand V\t\t11.-\tMicheletti\n12.7831 Analyser No. I\t\t15.-\tMichelia\n12.7832 Analyser No. II, with divided circle\t\tCO 0 1\tMiche/os","page":94},{"file":"p0095.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"95\nWith analysers of this type it is not possible to obtain a view of the entire field without moving the eye about.\nABBE Analyser Eyepieces.\nIn these eyepieces an analyser of a special type is mounted between the eyepiece lenses. This arrangement has the special advantage that the entire field of view of the microscope can be surveyed without the necessity of moving the eye about. It has, however, this slight disadvantage that the second laterally deflected image of the analyser prism remains feebly visible.\nNo. 12.7860. Huyghenian Analyser Eyepiece No. I, being a Huyghen-ian Eyepiece No. 2 mounted for use with achromatic objectives.\nNo. 12.7861. Compensating Analyser Eyepiece No. I, being a Compem sating Eyepiece No. 4 mounted for use with apochromatic objectives.\nThese eyepieces may also be mounted in the form of Analyser Eyepieces No. II with divided circle.\nCombinations of Polarisers and Analysers.\nFor keeping the polarisers and analysers protected from damage we supply the various Combinations of Polarisers and Analysers in specially fitted cases. The prices of some of these combinations will be found below.\nIn the event of a divided circle, such as that of our Goniometer Eyepiece (p. 87), being available the analyser may be adapted for use with it. In this case the price is that of the combination without divided circle plus M. 3.\u2014 for the adaptation of the mount of the analyser to the existing circle. The divided circle should be sent to us for this purpose.\nNo.\n12.7860\n12.7861\n12.7862\n12.7863\nAnalyser Eyepiece H. I for use with achromatic\nobjectives......................................\nAnalyser Eyepiece C. I for use with apochromatic\nobjectives......................................\nAnalyser Eyepiece H. II for use with achromatic\nobjectives, with divided circle.................\nAnalyser Eyepiece C. II for use with apochromatic\nobjectives, with divided circle.................\nCombinations of Polarisers and Analysers for use with Stands I, III and IV.\n12.7880\tPolariser\n12.7881\t\u201e\n12.7882\n12.7883\t\u201e\n12.7884\t\u201e\n12.7885\nand Analyser I, in case..........\n\u201e\t,, II, in case............\n\u201e Analyser Eyepiece H. I, in case\nft\nft\nft\nft\nft\nft\nC. I, \u201e H. II, \u201e C. II, \u201e\nMarks Codeword\n40.\t\u2014 Michelozzo 53.\u2014 1 Michels 55.\u2014 Micher 68.\u2014 Michery\nI\n41.\t\u2014 Miching 58.\u2014 Michito 66.\u2014 Micho 79.\u2014 Michordia 83.\u2014 Michon 96.\u2014 Micho tie","page":95},{"file":"p0096.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"96\nSelenite and Mica Films. We supply four standard Selenite Films, viz. Red of the I., II., III. and IV. Orders, also four Mica Films, viz. U, U, I\u00c2 and hi. These eight films constitute MOHL\u2019s Set of Selenite and Mica Films No. 12.7900. The films are mounted in cardboard.\nThe films in cardboard mounts fit the recess in the top flange of the Polariser I, No. 12.7801. In addition, they are supplied in metal mounts for placing under the analyser upon the eyepiece (Stand V).\nA Selenite Film for Red of the I. Order suffices in most cases.\nSelenite Films of other Orders: In cardboard mounts, each M. 2.\u2014, in metal mount, each M. 3.\u2014; Mica Films in cardboard mounts, each M. 1.50, in metal mount, each M. 2.50.\nSuch other devices as are required for purely mineralogical investigations, will be found listed in our Catalogue of Petrological Microscopes.\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.7900\tMOHL\u2019s Set of Films, mounted in cardboard\t15.-\tMichovius\n12.7901\tSelenite Films, Red I. Order, for Polariser I in card-\t\t\n\tboard mount\t\t3.-.\tMichuacane\n12.7911\tSelenite Films, Red I. Order, for interposition be-\t\t\n\ttween the eyepiece and analyser, in metal mount\t4.\u2014\tMicida","page":96},{"file":"p0097.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"97\nE. Instruments for Observation with Spectroscopically Decomposed Light.\nNo. 12.8100.\t*ENGELM ANN\u2019s Microspectroscopic Objective with\nCentring Device.\nThis apparatus serves for studying the effects exercised upon microscopic objects by light belonging to any particular region of the spectrum (Bot. Zeit., 40, 419\u2014426, 1882; Pfl\u00fcger\u2019s \u00c4rch. f. d. ges. Physiol., 27, 485\u2014490, 1882). Details respecting this apparatus are given in our pamphlet Mikro 232.\nNo. 12.8110. ROLLET\u2019s Spectrum Polariser with Centring Device, as modified by DIPPEL.\nThis apparatus serves for determining the nature and intensity of the double refraction of microscopic objects in spectroscopically decomposed light (Zeitschr. f. Instrumentenk., 1, 366 \u2014 372, 1881; DlPPEL, ibid., 619).\nNo. 12.8130. *ABBE\u2019s Microspectroscopic Eyepiece (Fig. 47). This eyepiece is primarily intended for the observation of the absorption spectra of microscopic objects, and it is likewise available for the spectroscopic examination of fairly large objects, fluid strata and such like.\nThe achromatic eyelens of the eyepiece can be sharply focussed with respect to a slit situated in the plane of the diaphragm. By means of a trigger device a comparison prism can be placed against the slit for the spectroscopic comparison of the object with other media, which can for this purpose be\nNo. j\t; Marks Codeword\n12.8100 ENGELMANN\u2019s Microspectroscopic Obj'ective\nin case..................................... .\t. 1170.\u2014 Micidam\n12.8110 ROLLET\u2019s Specrtum Polariser, with Selenite\nFilm Red II. and III. Order, in case............ 220.\u2014 Nicidiale","page":97},{"file":"p0098.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"98\nintroduced in a suitable mount at the side of the eyepiece. A number of glass tubes are supplied with the apparatus.\nThe eyepiece is surmounted by a direct-vision AMICI prism, which is contained within a pivoted mount and may be swung aside. A lateral tube attachment with lenses and a mirror serves to project a wave-length scale upon the spectrum as seen by the eye.\nThe instrument is supplied with Directions (Mikro 125).\nFig. 47.\nAbbe\u2019s Microspectroscopic Eyepiece No. 12.8130. Longitudinal Section through the entire Apparatus (4 Full Size).\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.8130\tABBE Microspectroscopic Eyepiece ....\t200.-\tMicidiare","page":98},{"file":"p0099.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"99\nF. Appliance for Microscopic Observations at Raised Temperatures.\nL. PFEIFFER\u2019S Heating Chambers for heating microscopical objects during observation (L. PFEIFFER, Protozoen als Krankheitserreger etc., 2nd Edition, Jena, 1891).\nThe chamber consists of a mahogany box which is sufficiently large to encase the entire microscope and fitted in front with a window to admit light to the mirror. On either side is a closely fitting door through which the object slide can be manipulated with the fingers. The side walls are hinged to the front and may be folded aside together with either half of the back, which is divided down the middle.\nThe whole with the microscope enclosed rests upon a thick metal plate fitted with three legs. The metal plate is heated from below by means of a Micro Burner No. 12.8325, which burns with a smokeless flame and is controlled by a Thermo-regulator.\nBy this means the whole stand and the air surrounding it are gradually brought to the same temperature and when sufficient time has been allowed to elapse the readings of the thermometer placed in the air space will indicate the actual temperature of the object on the stage.\nThe temperature may be raised to 45\u00b0 C without risk of injury to the stand or its objectives.\nThe Heating Chambers require to be adapted to the shape of the stand. When ordering a Heating Chamber independently, the factory number engraved on the stand with which it to be used should be stated.\n\u00c4 Thermo-regulator No. 12.8320 and a Thermometer are included in the equipment of the Heating Chamber. The Microburner No. 12.8325 is not included and should be ordered additionally.\nNo-\tMarks Codeword\nI L. PFEIFFER\u2019S Heating Chamber\n12.8301\tFor Microscope Stand No. I\t....... 100.\u2014 Micidiario\n12.8303\t\u201e\t\u201e\t\u201e No. IH....................100.\u2014 Nicidio\n12.8304\t\u201e\t\u201e\t\u201e No. IV....................j 70.\u2014 Micidior\n12.8305\t\u201e\t\u201e\t\u201e No. V.....................65. - Micidiora\n12.8320 Thermo-regulator.................................10.\u2014 Nicidiores\n12.8325 Microburner for the Heating Chambers ....\t4.50 Micidorum","page":99},{"file":"p0100.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"100\nNo. 12.8330. L. PFEIFFER\u2019s Heating Object Stage. This apparatus, as made by Messrs. E. LEYBOLD\u2019s Nachfolger, of Cologne, consists of a glass box made up of glass plates joined by LEYBOLD\u2019s partial fusing process. It is 10 mm high and can be used like an object slide. The stage is heated by a stream of warm water, the latter being maintained at the required constant temperature by a boiling flask heated by a microburner No. 12.8325 taking its gas supply through a Thermo-regulator No. 12.8320. The thermometer as well as the inlet and outlet tubes for the water are cemented into the sides of the glass box.\nNo. 12.8331. L. PFEIFFER\u2019s Heating Stage is available for the observation of hanging drop preparations. In this case the upper glass surface has polished cavities upon which the cover-glasses may be placed without the use of slides.\nNo. 12.8340. *GUTMANN\u2019s Heating Stage. This consists of a disc of fused quartz perforated at the middle and having an electric heating wire of platinum embedded in it by fusion. To prevent direct contact between the object slide and the radiating plate the latter is mounted upon a plate with slightly raised edges, which rests upon the microscope stage and is retained in position by the stage opening. This plate is fitted with terminals for the electric current. Suitable resistances should be provided. For temperatures above 100\u00b0 C it is best to use object slides of quartz or very thin glass slides.\nThe metal plate cannot be used with Stands V \u00c4 or VI.\nNo. 12.8360. Gas-heated Condenser. For the observation at higher temperatures (100 to 900\u00b0 C) of microscopic objects, especially liquid crystals, we have devised a special condenser arrangement fitted with a polariser 25 mm long and heated by a gas burner. R description of this apparatus is to be found in our pamphlet Mikro 192.\nFor the purpose of maintaining for some considerable time a constant temperature or slightly raising it when observing living bacteria Rowland has suggested a warm water jacket arrangement for use with the flplanatic Condenser. Particulars of this will be furnished on application.\nNo. 12.8380. ZOTH\u2019s Cooling Trough, which is mainly intended for use in microscopic projection, can be fitted with a thermometer and is then available for use as a heating object stage.\nNo. 12.8330\tHeating Object Stage with plain top\t\tincl. thermometer, and\tMarks 9.-\tCodeword Micidos\n12.8331\tHeating Object Stage with concave depressions \t\tinlet and outlet tubes\t15.-\tMicidus\n12.8340\tGUTMANN\u2019s Heating Stage with Heating Plate\t\t50.-\tNicio\n12.8341\tHeating Plate only\t\t\t16.-\tMicippe\n12.8360\tGas-heated Condenser with Polariser ....\t\t290.-\tMicipsa\n12.8380\tZOTH\u2019s Cooling Trough, with thermometer .\t.\t\t17.50\tMiciriri","page":100},{"file":"p0101.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"101\nG. Various Accessories.\nEyepieces for Special Modes of Observation.\nNo. 12.8500. *ABBE's Stereoscopic Eyepiece (Fig. 48). By this attachment microscopic objects can be viewed in stereoscopic relief under any magnification, or it may be used as a means of viewing an object with both eyes but without stereoscopic effect. In either case the arrangement imposes no restrictions as\nFig. 48.\nStereoscopi\nAbbe\n(J Full Size).\nregards magnification (cf. CARL\u2019s Repertorium 17, 197\u2014224, 1881 ; Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc. (2), 1, 203\u2014211, 1881; E. \u00c4BBE, Ges. Hbhdl., 1, 244\u2014272, 1904).\nTo obtain the two independent images required to produce a relief picture or binocular vision the pencils transmitted through the objective are at the upper end of the tube split into two sets of pencils by partial reflection at a very thin stratum of air which separates the faces of the prisms a and b. The approximate\nNo.\n12.8500\nABBE\u2019s Stereoscopic Eyepiece, in case\nMarks J\n180.\u2014\nI I\nCodeword\nMicis","page":101},{"file":"p0102.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"102\nbisection of either pencil by semicircular stops situated above the eyepieces furnishes the final stereoscopic effect by reason of which the object is seen in relief. Without these stops, i. e. when looking through the unrestricted aperture of the eyepieces, the instrument is merely a means of viewing with both eyes, but there is no stereoscopic effect.\nOne of these eyepieces is mounted on a movable slide and can be adapted to the distance between the observer\u2019s eyes. The apparatus is available for use with achromatic objectives only. The tube of the microscope should be shortened down as much as possible, and it is not advisable to use revolving nosepieces or other changing appliances.\nNo. 12.8510. \u2666Drum with PORRO Erecting Prisms. This attachment is similar to the prism arrangement in our Erecting Microscopes, the prisms being-contained in a metal drum fitted with sockets above and below for insertion into the microscope tube and for the reception of any ordinary eyepiece.\nNo. 12.8520. AMICI Erecting Prism. This prism is so mounted that it can be placed upon the top of the eyepiece and, besides erecting the image as seen in the microscope, it enables the observer to look into the microscope at an angle of about 30\u00b0 with respect to its axis, which greatly adds to the observer\u2019s comfort.\n^Pointer Eyepieces. When demonstrating a microscopic object to another person it is often a great help to be able to draw attention to any particular element by means of a pointed index needle. We have for this purpose devised Pointer Eyepieces, of which we make two patterns. In the simpler pattern of the Pointer Eyepiece the mount is fitted at the side with a fine spindle which carries at its lower extremity a fine pointer and at its top a short handle for directing the latter. Any of the Huyghenian Eyepieces Nos. 2, 3 and 4 can be arranged as a Pointer Eyepiece in this way (Nos. 11.5802\u201411.5804). In addition, the Huyghenian Eyepieces Nos. 2 and 3 as well as the Compensating Eyepiece No. 6 are supplied in the form of drum micrometer eyepieces (page 86) fitted with a loose index No. 11.5820, which can be displaced by means of the screw fitted to the drum in the same way as the micrometer disc.\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.8510\tDrum with PORRO Prisms, without eyepiece, in case\t40.-\tMicite\n12.8520\tAMICI Erecting Prism, in case\t\t25.\u2014\tMicke\n11.5802\tSimple Pointer Eyepiece No. H. 2\t\t13.-\tMicken\n11.5803\t\u00bb\u00bb\t\u00bb\tit\tNo. H. 3 ... :\t13.-\tMickert\n11.5804\t\u00bb>\t>>\t\u00bb\tNo. H. 4\t\t13.-\tMickknopf\n11.5820\tPointer, loose for use with drum eyepieces .\t.\t1.\u2014\tMickle\n11.5822\tDrum Eyepiece No. H. 2, arranged as a Pointer\t\t\n\tEyepiece\t\t\tMickmack\n11.5823\tDrum Eyepiece No. H. 3, arranged as a Pointer\t\t\n\tEyepiece\t\t36.\u2014\tMickrig\n11.5826\tDrum Eyepiece No. C. 6, arranged as a Pointer\t\t\n\tEyepiece\t\t\tMicky","page":102},{"file":"p0103.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"103\nCross Line Eyepieces. These serve the purpose of exhibiting in the plane of the eyepiece diaphragm two lines crossing in the field, to mark its centre, for the purpose of centring object stages or objectives attached to centring devices as well for adjusting the centre of rotation in investigations with polarised light. For this purpuse we supply glass discs having cross lines ruled upon them, to rest upon the diaphragm of the eyepiece. One disc is thus available for use with various eyepieces. It is, however, more convenient and conducive to greater accuracy to use eyepieces with fixed cross lines. The diameter of the glass disc is 19 mm in the case of focussing eyepieces (p. 85) and 21 mm in that of ordinary eyepieces.\nWhen ordering cross ruled glass discs separately it should accordingly be stated whether they are required for use with focussing eyepieces or ordinary eyepieces.\nThe cross ruling should appear sharply defined to the observer. This is the case with the ordinary eyepieces, provided that the observer has a normal eye. Where the eyepiece is required to be adapted for the use of several observers it is better to use a focussing eyepiece.\nThe Huyghenian eyepieces are also supplied for this purpose with fixed cross lines in the form of Focussing Cross Line Eyepieces without unscrewing upper half (Nos. 11.3702\u201411.3704).\nThe cost of altering an ordinary eyepiece into a focussing eyepiece with unscrewing upper half is M. 7.\u2014.\nNo.\n11.3306 Focussing Eyepiece C. 6\n11.3602\n11.3603\n11.3604 11.3700\n11.3702\n11.3703\n11.3704\nH. 2 H. 3 H. 4\nadapted for loose cross ruled discs (but exclusive of these)\nGlass Disc with Cross Ruling, in capsule\nCross Line Eyepiece H. 2 tt \u00bb\t\u00bb\tH.\t3\n..\t..\t\u00ab\u2022\tH.\t4\nwith fixedly mounted cross ruled disc\nMarks\tCodeword\n25.-\tMicografia\n11.-\tMicmac\nll.\u2014\tMico\nll.-\tMicognosia\n4.-\tMicolino\n12.-\tMicologico\n12.-\tMiconia\n12.-\tM/coniee","page":103},{"file":"p0104.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"104\n*Greenough\u2019s Prism Rotator and Capillary Rotator.\nThese two devices provide a means of viewing successively from various sides objects which are difficult to manipulate under the microscope without mechanical aid.\nNo. 12.8700. GREENOUGH\u2019s Prism Rotator (Fig. 49). The top surface of an object manipulated by this device is seen direct, whilst the lower side is seen by two successive reflections at st and s., (Fig. 49b), and by the rotation of the glass vessel with the prism Pt (Fig. 49a) about the axis a (Fig. 49b) all the lateral portions of the object can be brought into view by reflection at s3. From this it follows that the objects are seen in their true positions reversed as in a mirror.\nOpaque objects having diameters of 0.5 to 3 mm can be examined by this rotator in air as well as liquids. The magnification may be as high as 100 diameters.\nThe holders Hlt H2 may be employed for the suspension of small electric glow lamps, by means of which the object may be illuminated.\na: Perspective View of the Apparatus (J Full Size).\nFig. 49.\nPrism Rotator No. 12.8700.\nb: Diagram of Prisms (Scale 2:1).\nNo. 12.8702. GREENOUGH\u2019s Prism Rotator with Tv.o Reflecting Prisms.\n\u00c4s in many cases the reversal in the position of elements situated at the sides of the objects, which arises from the fact that they are seen by a single reflection, may be very disturbing, another prism has been added in this pattern, which rectifies this defect.\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.8700\tPrism Rotator, in case\t\t\n12.8702\tThe same Apparatus, with two prisms to bring\t\n\tthe sides of an object into view without mirror\t\n\treversals\t\t75.\u2014 : Micos \\","page":104},{"file":"p0105.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"105\nNo. 12.8710. GREENOUGH's Capillary Rotator (Fig. 50). By means of this device small transparent objects contained in a capillary tube for examination in transmitted light may be rotated about a horizontal axis whilst being viewed. The instrument is so arranged that the capillary glass tubes may be rotated within a chamber filled with cedarwood oil, the object of which is to obviate the disturbing effect of refraction and reflection at the sides of the narrow glass tube. The latter has a bore of 0.2 mm. The capillaries are interchangeable. This apparatus is available for observation under high magnifications.\nFig. 50.\nCapillary Rotator No. 12.8710. (f Full Size).\nThe Prism Rotator and Capillary Rotator have been primarily devised for use with the Binocular Stand X\u00c4. Whilst the Capillary Rotator can also be used with any other stand, the use of the Prism Rotator is restricted to those having a stage opening of 33 mm, as otherwise it cannot be properly secured in position. It cannot accordingly be used with Stands VI.\nDetails respecting these devices will be found in a paper published in the Z.-S. f. wiss. Mikr. 14, 304 \u2014 312, 1897.\nOther Accessories.\nNo. 12.8900. Object Slide of Rock Crystal, 30 x 25 mm. These slides are used in the preparation of objects which are to be subjected to ultra-violet radiation (Luminescence Microscope, pp. 30 and 31)- For their convenient attachment to the stage they are mounted in metal slides of the standard size (HEIDEN-H\u00c4IN\u2019s pattern No. 12.8909).\nNo. 12.8920. Euphos Cover Glasses. These cover-glasses absorb the ultra-violet light which in the luminescence microscope energises the preparation and thus prevents it from entering the microscope and reaching the eye of the observer.\nNo. j\n12.8710\tCapillary Rotator, in case, without capillaries .\n12.8711\tCapillaries of about 0.2 mm bore, per twenty\n12.8900 Object Slides of Rock Crystal, 30 x 25 mm, each 12.8909 Aluminium Object Slide, HEIDENHAIN\u2019s pattern 12.8920 Euphos Cover-glass..................................\nMarks\tCodeword\n50.\u2014\tMicostalis\n1.\u2014\tMicra\n4.50\tMicropylar\n2.-\tMicropyle\n1.-\tNictualia","page":105},{"file":"p0106.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"106\nNo. 12.9200. Breath Shield for attachment to the microscope. This attachment consists of a sleeve with an oblong strip of aluminium. The sleeve slips over the eyepiece end of the tube and serves to protect those parts of the microscope which are nearest the mouth and nose from deposits of moisture.\nNo. 12.9210. Objective Centring Adapter for adjusting objectives relatively to the centre of revolving stages which cannot be centred. The adapter attaches to the microscope tube and, when used in conjunction vrith a fixed or centring stage, may be employed to establish perfect alignment between the condenser and objective.\nNo. 12.9220. MALTWOOD\u2019s Finder. This is a simple device for quickly finding any particular element in a preparation which has been noted on a previous occasion. It consists of a network of small squares photographed on glass, all of which are numbered. It is now made in a slightly different form from that described originally (Z.-S. f. wiss. Mikro 5, 40, 1888).\nNo. 12.9230. Object Marker (W). For the purpose of marking, for future identification, any given elements in an object we supply a marking device made by Messrs. WINKEL, of G\u00f6ttingen. The device is fitted with a fine diamond by means of which a very small circle can be drawn round the element which is to be identified. The diamond point can be displaced so that the diameter of the circle can be varied according to the size of the field.\nNo. 12.2932. F\u00dcLLEBORN's Object Marker. This device, which is likewise made by Messrs. WINKEL, of G\u00f6ttingen, is fitted with a fine steel point and serves for ruling circles into the substance of smear preparations.\nNo. 12.9240. BORN and PETER\u2019S Orientation Plate. This plate serves for orientating an object within congealing paraffin and at the same time to inscribe guide lines upon the finished paraffin blocks. For this purpose the plate has on one side several parallel and sharply edged grooves of uniform width cut into it. R detailed description and directions will be found in the Z.-S. f. wiss. Mikr. 15, 31\u201449, 1898.\nWe supply for use with the Orientation Plate a pair of Glass L Pieces (No. 12.9241).\nNo. 12.9250. Turn Table, mounted on wooden foot, for ringing specimens with lacquer. \nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.9200\tBreath Shield for attachment to microscopes .\t.\t2.-\tMicrabacia\n12.9210\tObjective Centring Device for attachment to the tube\t9.-\tMicraeca\n12.9220\tMALTWOOD\u2019s Finder, in case\t\t20.-\tMicranthes\n12.9230\tObject Marker (W)\t\t35.-\tMicrandra\n12.9232\tF\u00dcLLEBORN\u2019s Object Marker\t\t18.-\tMicrantho\n12.9240\tBORN and PETER\u2019s Orientation Plate with two Glass L Pieces\t\t40.-\tMicraspis\n12.9241\tPair of Glass L Pieces, separately\t\t10.-\tMicrantha\n12.9250\tTurn Table, on wooden foot\t\t11.-\tMicranthe","page":106},{"file":"p0107.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"107\nH. Appliances for the Artificial Illumination of Microscopic Objects.\nIf properly adjusted, lamplight can be made to form an almost perfect substitute for daylight as a means of illuminating microscopic objects. Incandescent gas burners, Nernst lamps and arc lamps provide a sufficiently intense radiant and can be made to furnish a sufficiently wide beam of light for microscopic observation by interposing between the radiant and the mirror a lens or other suitable optical combination by means of which the aperture of the condenser may be completely filled with light.\nRadiants furnishing a continuous spectrum should be used for observation with white light, whilst observation with homogeneous light is greatly facilitated when a radiant is used which furnishes a fine spectrum.\nNo. 13.9000. Hageh Microscope Lamp. In this lamp the radiant is a mercury vapour lamp with a vapour tube 20 cm long. It is mounted on a stand which carries, in addition, a small boiling flask with filtering fluid. The lamp should not be connected to the electric light system excepting with the resistance and coil provided with it joined up in series with it. It consumes a current of about 3.5 amperes.\nThe lamp supplies monochromatic light and is adapted for fine microscopic investigations and demonstrations respecting the theory of the formation of microscopic images. Recording to the filter medium used the light may be yellow (WL = 579 and 576 p/i), green (WL = 546 ju/u) or blue (WL = 436 /u,u).\nDetailed information is contained in the Directions furnished with the lamp (Mikro 271).\nNo. 13.9100. Incandescent Gas Microscope Lamp. The radiant is an inverted incandescent gas burner of a small pattern (Midget burner Fig. 51). It is mounted on a foot with a stand which supports a boiling flask containing a\nNo. 13.9000\tHageh Lamp, Type Bl, 20 cm long\t\tMarks 18.-\tCodeword Proam\n13.9010\tHageh Microscope Lamp, complete, including Resistance with Coil for 110 Volts\t\t88.90\tProarche\n13.9012\t>\u00bb \u00bb \u00bb \u00bb 220 \u201e\t\t98.90\tProarches\n13.9100\tIncandescent Gas Microscope Lamp, complete\t20.-\tProarch","page":107},{"file":"p0108.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"108\nfiltering fluid. (Water or a faintly blue solution of copper sulphate). The stand should be so placed in front of the microscope that the beam of light passed through the filter may form an image of the radiant on the mirror.\nFig. 51.\n(about \u00a3 Full Size.)\nNo. 13.9110. Electric Incandescent Microscope Lamp. This lamp is similar to No. 13.9100, excepting that the gas burner is replaced by a frosted glow bulb. When ordering please state the nature of the available current and its voltage.\nNo. 13.9120. Nernst Microscope Lamp. (Micro Nernst Lamp). In this lamp a foot with pillar made of porcelain in one piece (Fig. 52) carries on the\nFig. 52.\nMicro Nernst Lamp No. 13.9120 and Stand III. (about -f Full Size.)\nNo.\tMarks\tCodeword\n13.9110 Electric Incandescent Microscope Lamp . .\t20.-\tProagione\n13.9120 | Micro Nernst Lamp, not self-starting ....\t40.-\tProaviti\n13.9126 Tinol Burner for igniting the Nernst Lamp . .\t1.50\tProavitior","page":108},{"file":"p0109.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"109\nlatter within a metal casing a Nernst glower and a condensing lens. The lamp throws a beam of light obliquely downwards upon the microscope mirror. It takes a current of 1.25 ampere and may be employed either with a direct current or an alternating current, the glower being selected accordingly. The lamp is not self-starting and hence the glower requires, after switching on the current, to be rendered incandescent with the aid of a spirit lamp (Tinol burner) or a gas flame. For observation in transmitted light the beam of light emitted by the lamp should be moderated according to requirement with the aid of one or other of the frosted glass plates supplied with the lamp. For dark ground illumination it is generally necessary to use the light with its undiminished intensity.\nFull particulars will be found in the Directions (Mikro 277).\nWhen ordering please state the nature of the available current and its voltage.\nFig. 53.\nElectric Microscope Lamp (Hand Regulating Arc Lamp), (about I Full Size.)\nNo. 13.9160. Microscope Arc Lamp. An arc lamp using a small current is exceedingly useful for microscopic observations requiring a very intense illumination, especially for bringing into view very difficult objects with the aid of dark ground illumination and for the ultra-microscopic observation of colloid substances. Apart from Weule\u2019s self-regulating arc lamp we supply a Hand Regulating Lamp (Fig. 53) fitted with a Condenser of great light transmitting power (Micro Arc Lamp), which consumes about 2 to 4 amperes and which can be used with a direct current as well as with an alternating current. Against the possibility\nNo.\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n13.9160\tMirco Arc Lamp (Hand Regulating Arc Lamp (with condensing lens), using about 4 amperes .\t.\t.\t47.-\tProavitos\n13.9161\tCarbons for direct current, per 100 pairs .\t.\t.\t7.\u2014\tProarchon\n13.9162\t\u201e\t\u201e alternating current, per 100 pairs\t7.-\tProareis\n13.9165\tResistance for 110 volts f with flexible cable | .\t12.50\tProarthri\n13.9166\t\u201e\t\u201e\t220\t\u201e\t1 and plug connector | .\t18.50\tProasma","page":109},{"file":"p0110.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"110\nof excessive heating preparations should, if necessary, be protected by the interposition of a cooling trough filled with water or a k % solution of copper sulphate with a little sulphuric acid. The lamp casts the light obliquely downwards. By rotation through an angle of 90\u00b0 about the socket pin it may, however, be given a horizontal position.\nWhen ordering, please describe the nature of the available current and state its voltage.\nNo. 13.9200. Incandescent Gas Lamp for use with the Vertical Illuminator. For this purpose the small gas lamp of No. 13.9100 is mounted on a wooden base fitted in front with a socket and stem which carry a condensing lens and an iris diaphragm. This furnishes a good illumination of the field of view and provides a means of sharphly limiting it. The apparatus has been dimensioned to supply an efficient and convenient light for work with the Vertical Illuminator (page 37).\n791\nFig. 54.\nIncandescent Gas Lamp for the Vertical Illuminator and Microscope with Vertical Illuminator.\n(about I Full Size.)\nNo. 13.9210. Electric Glow Lamp for use with the Vertical Illuminator. This is similar to No. 13.9200, excepting that the gas burner is replaced by an electric glow lamp.\nWhen ordering, please describe the nature of the available current and state its voltage.\nNo. 13.9250. Inclinable Condensing Lens mounted on a Foot. When an opaque object can be examined under lenses having a long working distance it is sufficient to illuminate it with the aid of a condensing lens. The latter should be moved close up to the microscope and, being inclinable, can be manipulated to any desirable extent.\nNo.\t\tMarks 1\tCodeword\n13.9200\tIncandescent Gas Lamp for use with Vertical\t\n\tIlluminators\t\t37.\u2014 Proasmatis\n13.9210\tElectric Glow Lamp for use with vertical Illu-\t\n\tminators\t\t37.\u2014 Proastia\n13.9250\tInclinable Condensing Lens on Foot ....\t22.\u2014 Proasmatum","page":110},{"file":"p0111.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"Ill\nIV. Bell Shades, Object Slides and Cover Glasses.\nNo.\n12.9601\n12.9602\n12.9611\n12.9612\n12.9621\n12.9622\n12.9631\n12.9632\n12.9710\n12.9712\n12.9713\n12.9715\n12.9730\n12.9732\n12.9750\n12.9755\n12.9770\n12.9774\n12.9776\nBell Shades for keeping microscopes under a dust-proof cover, including a stout cloth-lined mill-board base:\nMarks\nj\nCodeword\na) Of white glass:\nSmall Size, about 35 cm high, 20 cm inside\ndiameter.....................................\nLarge Size, about 38 cm high, 24 cm inside diameter.......................................\n7.\u2014 Micraster 9.\u2014 Micrasters\nb) Of Amber Glass: Small Size .\t. ,\nLarge Size .\t.\n8.50 Micrathene 10.50 Micraulica\nBell Shades for keeping microscopes under a dust-proof cover, with flat ground glass plate for use as a base:\na) Of white glass: Small Size .\t.\nLarge Size .\t.\n10.\u2014 Micrhyle 12.50 Microbal\nb) Of Amber Glass:\nSmall Size.................................11.50 Midori am\nLarge Size......................... 114.\u2014 Midori is\nObject Slides, English size, 3x1 inch: . . . Crown glass, unground edges .... per 100 Extra-white crown glass, ground edges .\t\u201e\t\u201e\nExtra-white crown glass, ground edges, of stated\nthickness within 0.1 mm...............per\tten\nPlate-glass, ground edges...............per\t100\nObject Slides, large size, 3lxiHnch.\nCrown-glass, unground edges .... per 100 Crown-glass, ground edges.................\u201e\t\u201e\nI\nObject Slides with polished cavities, bevelled and polished edges:\nSmall Size, 55 x32 mm.................. each\nLarge Size, 87x 37 mm (3lxlHnch) .\t\u201e\nObject Slides with attached Annular Glass Cells for use as moist chambers:\nWith Cell 0.4 mm deep.................. each\nWith Cell 1 mm deep.................... \u201e\nWith Cell 2 mm deep.................... \u201e j\n1.50\tMicrobios 2.80 Microcarpa\n0.40 Mictorio\n8.50\tMicrocebus\n2.50\n6.-\nMicrocele\nMicrocere\n0.30 Midoriora 0.40 Microciona\n0.80 Microc/ase 0.80 Midori um 0.80 Midorius\n","page":111},{"file":"p0112.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"112\nNo.\tCover\tClasses, Squares:\t\t\tMarks\tCodeword\n12.9812\tSize:\t12x12 mm\t\t\t100\tl.-\tMicrocosm\n12.9815\tn\t15 x 15\t\u201e\t\t\t\tyy\t1.50\tMicrocosme\n12.9818\t\u00bb\t18x18 \u201e\t\t\t\tn\t2.\u2014\tMicrocosmi\n12.9821\t\u00bb\t21x21\t\u201e\t\t\t\t\u00bb\t2.75\tMictuale\n12.9824\t\u00bb\t24 x24\t\u201e\t\t\t\trt\t3.75\tMicrocrith\n\tCover\tGlasses, Circles:\t\t\t\t\n12.9842\tSize:\t12 mm diameter ....\t\t100\t1.25\tMictualem\n12.9845\t7)\t15 ,\t\u201e\t....\t\t\u00bb\t2.\u2014\tMicrocytes\n12.9848\tn\t18 \u201e \u201e ....\t\tV\t2.50\tMicrodere\n12.9851\t\u00bb\t21\tv\t*\t....\t\t\u00bb\t3.25\tMicrodon\n12.9854\t\u00bb\t24 \u201e\t\u201e\t....\t\t\u00bb\t4.25\tMicrodonte\n\tCover\tGlasses, Oblongs:\t\t\t\t\n12.9870\tSize:\t24 x 21 mm\t\t\t100\t3.25\tMictuali\n12.9875\tn\t32 x24 \u201e\t\t\t\t\u00bb\t5.-\tMicrofono\nThe thickness ol the cover-glasses ranges from 0.10 to 0.22 mm. Selected cover-glasses of a prescribed thickness are subject to prices which are one third in excess of those quoted above.\nParticulars and Prices of Magnifiers, Dissecting Lenses, Dissecting Microscope Stands and Lens Holders will be found in our special booklet Mikro 188.\nTo meet the requirements of our customers we are prepared to obtain for hem from the best sources and at makers catalogue prices\nMicrotomes,\nCases of Dissecting Instruments,\nMicroscopic Objects\nor any other appurtenance which they may require to supplement a microscope outfit purchased from us.","page":112},{"file":"p0113.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"113\nCompletely Epuipped Microscopes.\nIn the following pages will be found a selection of Completely Equipped Microscopes for various purposes. Of the many possible combinations we have in each case selected a few which may be regarded as typical and which are most extensively used. Obviously, other combinations may be selected to suit the purchaser\u2019s predelections and according to the available means and other circumstances. The sets here specified should therefore be regarded as specimens and are in no sense intended to be looked upon as inflexible alternatives. In particular, the alternative selection of stands appended to each Set illustrates clearly to what extent it is possible to satisfy a great variety of requirements in this respect.\nWhen Ordering according to the scheme here elaborated it is sufficient to specify the number of the required Set and its aggregate price or the Codeword, and, where it enters into the scheme, also the nature and voltage of the available electric current.\nComplete Sets of Microscopes for the Inspection of Meat will be found in our booklet Mikro 81.\nSet No. 1.\nSimple Bacteriological Microscopes.\n(Suitable for Medical Practitioners, Veterinariy Surgeons, etc.)\nAchromatic Objectives:\nA D\n20.- 35.\u2014\t\tM.\t55.-\n1U \u2014 (oil-immersion), N. \u00c4. 1.25\t\t\u00bb\t100.\u2014\nHuyghenian Eyepieces:\t\t\n2, 4\t\t\t12.-\nRevolving Nosepieces, triple, No. 12.1203 .\t\u00bb\t20.-\n100 Slides No. 12.9712\t\t\t2.80\n100 Cover-glasses No. 12.9818\t\t\t2.-\nCodeword\nAlternative Selection of Stands:\na)\tStand 1VC No. 12.3042 and Condenser\nNo. 11.4120.......................... \u201e 225.\u2014\nPacking\t\u201e\t2.50\tm 227.50 M. 419.30 Microseism\nb)\tStand VI No. 12.4010 with Illuminating\nApparatus No. 11.4410................\nPacking\nc)\tStand VBA No. 12.3413 with Illuminating Apparatus No. 11.4310\t. . . .\nPacking\nd)\tStand VB No. 12.3512 with Illuminating Apparatus No. 11.4310\t....\t\u201e 100.\u2014\nPacking\t\u201e\t2.\t\u201e 1Q2,\u2014 \u201e 293.80 Microgram\n150.-\n2 ~ ____152.\u2014\t\u201e 343.80 Microgadus\n120.\u2014\n\u201e 122.\u2014\t\u201e 313.80 Microseris","page":113},{"file":"p0114.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"114\nSet No. 2.\nBacteriological Microscopes.\n(Equipment for Laboratory Use, Medical Practitioners, Veterinary Surgeons.)\nAchromatic Objectives:\nAA DD with Corr. Collar\n30\u2014 70.\u2014\t........................M. 100.\u2014\tCodeword\ni- Fl. N. A. 1.30 (oil-immersion) ....\t\u201e 140.\u2014\nHuyghenian Eyepieces:\nNos. 2, 4...............................\nMicrometer Eyepiece H. 3. No. 11.5203\t.\nRevolving-Nosepiece, triple, No. 12.1203\nCover-glass Gauge No. 12.6500 ............\n200 Slides No. 12.9712....................\n200. Cover-glasses No. 12.9818............\nParaboloid Condenser No. 11.4510 for dark\nground illumination...................... \u201e 40.\u2014\nMicro Nernst Lamp No. 13.9120............... \u201e 40.\u2014\t( so. \nAlternative Selection of Stands:\na)\tStand III E No. 12.2648 and Condenser\nNo. 11.4130........................ \u201e 365.-\nPacking\t\u201e\t3.50\t\u201e\t368.50\tM. 766.10 Microsorex\nb)\tStand IV C\u00c4 No. 12.3043 and Condenser\nNo. 11.4130 .............................. 240.\u2014\nPackin2---\u201d___jjO.\t\u201e\t243.50\t\u201e 641.10 Microhm\nSet No. 3.\nBacteriological Microscopes.\n(Equipments for Hospitals and Public Health Laboratories.)\nAchromatic Objectives:\nA D\n20.\u2014 35.\u2014..............................M. 55.-\nApochromatic Objectives:\n3 mm\t2 mm (oil-immersion)\nN. A. 0.95 N. A. 1.30\n160.\u2014\t300.\u2014\t\t\t\u00bb\t460.-\nHuyghenian Eyepieces:\t\t\nNos 2, 4\t\tft\t12.-\nCompensating Eyepieces:\t\t\nNos. 4\t12\t\t\n20 \u2014\t30.\u2014\t\tft\t50.\u2014\nMicrometer Eyepiece C. 6 No. 11.5406\t. .\t\u00bb\t30.-\nRevolving Noseplece, triple, No. 11.1203\t.\tft\t20.-\nCover-glass Gauge No. 12.6500 \t\tft\t20.\u2014\n12.-\n16.\u2014\n20.-\n20.\u2014\n5.60\n4.\u2014\nM. 317.60\nCarry forward M. 647.\u2014","page":114},{"file":"p0115.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"115\nBrought forward M. 647.\u2014 Paraboloid Condenser No. 12.4510 for dark\nground illumination.......................M. 40.\u2014\nMicro Nernst Lamp No. 13.9120................\n300 Slides No. 12.9712.......................\nCodeword\n40.\u2014 8.40\n300 Cover-glasses No. 12.9818........... \u201e\t6.\u2014\n94.40\nAlternative Selection of Stands:\na)\tStand I B. No. 12.2048 with Condenser No. 11.4140....................... \u201e 435.-\nPacking\t\u201e\t3.50\nb)\tStand III D No. 12.2647 with Condenser\tNo.\t11.4130............ \u00bb\t290.\u2014\nPacking\t\u201e\t3.50\nc)\tStand IV CA No. 12.3043 with Condenser\tNo.\t11.4130............ \u00bb\t240.\u2014\nPacking\t\u201e\t3.50\n438.50 M. 1179.90 Microlabis\n293.50\n243.50\n1034.90 Microlene\n984.90 Microsome\nSet No. 4.\nSimple Microscopes for Histological, Botanical and Zoological Work. Achromatic Objectives:\na* B Ef\n12.\u2014 30.\u2014 60.\u2014 1\u201d\nM. 102.\u2014\nCodeword\nN. \u00c4. 1.25 (oil-immersion)............. \u201e 100.\u2014\nHuyghenian Eyepieces:\nNos. 1, 4..........................\nMicrometer Eyepiece No. 2, No. 11.5202\n12 \u2014 16.\u2014\nM. 230.\u2014\nRevolving Nosepiece, triple, No. 12.1203\tif\t20.\u2014\t\nDrawing Prism No. 12.6000 \t\tif\t21-\t\nDrawing Board No. 12.6060\t\t\til\t2.50\t\nStage Micrometer No. 12.6300\t\t\tft\t10-\t\n200 Slides No. 12.9712\t\tft\t5.60\t\n200 Cover-glasses No. 12.9818\t\tit\t4.\u2014\t\n100 Cover-glasses No. 12.9818, selected for\t\t\t\nObjective E\t\tif\t2.70\t\u201e\t65.80\nAlternative Selection of Stands: a) Stand III B No. 12.2632 with Con-\t\t\t\ndenser No. 11.4120\t\tft\t235.-\t\nPacking\tit\t3.50\t.. 238.50\nb) Stand IV CA No. 12.3043 with Con-\t\t\t\ndenser No. 11.4120\t\t\ta\t235.-\t\nPacking\tif\t3.50\t.. 238.50\nc) Stand VI No. 12.4010 with illumi-\t\t\t\nnating Apparatus No. 11.4410 . .\tif\t150.\u2014\t\nPacking\tif\t3 \u2014\t.. 153.\u2014\nd) Stand V B No. 12.3512 with Illumi-\t\t\t\nnating Apparatus No. 11.4310 . .\ta\t100.\u2014\t\nPacking\ta\t3.\u2014\t.. 103.-\n238.50 M. 534.30 Microlepte\n534.30 Microlicia\n448.80 Microstome\n398.80 Microlites\nf) Objective E should be used exclusively with cover-glasses of selected thickness.","page":115},{"file":"p0116.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"116 \u2014\nSet No. 5.\nMicroscopes for Histological, Botanical and Zoological Investigations\nAchromatic Objectives:\na* a\u00e4 A CE with Corr. Collar\nCodeword\n40\u2014 12.\u2014 20 \u2014 30.\u2014 80.\u2014\t\tM.\t182.-\t\t\nPI (Water-immersion)\t\t>\u00bb\t20.-\t\t\n~ Fl. N. A. 1.30 (oil-immersion) ....\t\u00bb\t140.-\t\t\nHuyghenian Eyepieces:\t\t\t\t\nNos. 2, 4\t\t\u00bb)\t12.\u2014\t\t\nMicrometer Eyepiece No. 3, No. 11.5203 .\t\u20191\t16.\u2014\tM.\t370.\u2014\nGlass Vessel for the Plankton Searcher No.\t\t\t\t\n12.8720 \t\t\u00bb\t3.50\t\t\nRevolving Nosepiece, triple, No. 12.1203\t\t20.-\t\t\nDrawing Camera No. 12.6011\t\t\u00bb>\t60.-\t\t\nStage Micrometer No. 12.6300\t\t\t\u00bbJ\t10.\u2014\t\t\nCover-glass Gauge No. 12.6500 \t\t\u00bb\t20.-\t\t\nParaboloid Condenser No. 11.4510 for dark\t\t\t\t\nground illumination\t\t\u00bb\t40.\u2014\t\t\nMicro Nernst Lamp No. 13.9120 . . . . ,\t1\u00bb\t40.-\t\t\n300 Slides No. 12.9712\t\t\u00bb\t8.40\t\t\n300 Cover-glasses No. 12.9818\t\t\u00bb\u00bb\t6.\u2014\t\u00bb\t207.90\nAlternative Selection of Stands:\t\t\t\t\na) Stand III D No. 12.2647 with Con-\t\t\t\t\ndenser No. 11.4130\t\t\u00bb\t290.\u2014\t\t\nPacking\t\u00bb\u00bb\t3.50\t\t293.50\nb) Stand IV CB No. 12.3044 with Con-\t\t\t\t\ndenser No. 11.4130\t\t\t\u00bb\t253.\u2014\t\t\nPacking\t\u00bb\t3.50\t\t256.50\nc) Stand IV C No. 12.3042 with Con-\t\t\t\t\ndenser No. 11.4120\t\t\u00bb\t225.\u2014\t\t\nPacking\t\u00bb1\t3.50\t\t228.50\nd) Stand VI No. 12.4010 with Illumi-\t\t\t\t\nnating Apparatus No. 11.4410 . .\t\u00bb\t150.\u2014\t\t\nPacking\t\u00bb>\t3.50\t\u00bb\t153.50\ne) Stand V BA No. 12.3413 with Illu-\t\t\t\t\nminating Apparatus No. 11.4320\t.\t\t126.-\t\t\nPacking\t\u00bb\t3.50\t\u00bb\t129.50\nSet\tNo.\t6.\t\t\nM. 871.40 Microlitic\n834.40 Microtea\n806.40 Microvolt\n731.40 Micrologo\n707.40 Micrologue\nMicroscopes for Histological, Botanical and Zoological Class Work\n(also suitable for Pharmaceutical Examination Work).\nAchromatic Objektives: a2 A D\n12.\u2014 20.\u2014 35.\u2014..........................M. 67 \u2014\nHuyghenian Eyepieces:\nNos. 2, 4............................ \u201e12-\nEyepiece Micrometer No. 11.5100 . . .\t\u201e\t5.\u2014\t^ 84 \u2014\nCarry forward M. 84.\u2014","page":116},{"file":"p0117.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"117\nBrought forward M. 84.\u2014\tCodeword\nAlternative Selection of Stands:\na)\tStand V BA No. 12.3413 with Cylinder Diaphragm No. 11.4100 . . M. 100.\u2014\nPacking_____\u201e__l-50_\t\u201e\t101 50\tM-185.50\tMicrologus\nb)\tStand V A No. 12.3511............ \u201e 80 \u2014\nPackinS_____\u201d------\u201e\t81.50\t\u201e 165.50\tMicrology\nor (in the event of a Polarising Attachment\t-------------\nbeing required)\nc)\tStand V D No. 12.3585 with Illuminating Apparatus No.l 1.4310\t. .\t\u201e 158.\u2014\nPacking_____\u00bb___L8CL\t159.80\t\u201e 243.80\tMicrotheca\nSet No. 7.\nMicroscopes for Histological Investigations with Polarised Light.\nAchromatic Objectives:\na A DDf)\t\t\t\t\tCodeword\n12.\u2014 20 \u2014 50.\u2014\t\tM.\t82.\u2014\t\t\t\n1\u201d ^ N. A. 1.25 (oil-immersion)\t\t11\t100.\u2014\t\t\t\nHuyghenian Eyepieces:\t\t\t\t\t\nNos. 2, 4\t\t11\t12.-\t\t\t\nMicrometer Eyepiece No. 3, No. 11.5203 .\t11\t16.-\t\t\t\nCover Glass Gauge No. 12.6500 \t\t11\t20 \u2014\t\t\t\n200 Slides No. 12.9712\t\tit\t5.60\t\t\t\n200 Cover-glasses No. 12.9818\t\tit\t4 \u2014\t\t\t\n100 Cover-glasses No. 12.9818, selected for\t\t\t\t\t\nObjective DD\t\tit\t2.70\tM. 242.30\t\t\nAlternative Selection of Stands:\t\t\t\t\t\na) Stand 1 A No. 12.2047 with Con-\t\t\t\t\t\ndenser No. 11.4135\t\t\tii\t350.\u2014\t\t\t\nPolarising Attachment No. 12.7881\t\t\t\t\t\nwith Selenite Films No. 12.7901\t11\t61.\u2014\t\t\t\nPacking\t11\t3.\u2014\t\u201e 414.-\tM. 656.30 Microthere\t\nb) Stand III CB No. 12.2644 with Con-\t\t\t\t\t\ndenser No. 12.4120\t\t11\t273 \u2014\t\t\t\nPolarising Attachment No. 12.7860\t\t\t\t\t\nand Selenite Films No. 12.7901\t\u00bb\t44.\u2014\t\t\t\nPacking\t11\t3.\u2014\t\u201e 320.-\t\u201e 562.30\tMicromeghe\nc) Stand IV F No. 12.3085 with Con-\t\t\t\t\t\ndenser No. 12.4120\t\t11\t295.\u2014\t\t\t\nPacking\t11\t3 \u2014\t\u201e 298.-\t\u201e 540.30\tMtcrotoena\nd) Stand V D No. 12.3485 with Illumi-\t\t\t\t\t\nnating Apparatus No. 11.4310 . .\t91\t168.\u2014\t\t\t\nPacking\t11\t2.50\t\u201e 170.50\t\u201e 412.80\tMicromelus\nf) Objective DD (without correction collar) should be used exclusively with cover-glasses of selected thickness.","page":117},{"file":"p0118.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"118\nSet No. 8.\nMicroscopes for Chemical Laboratories, Breweries and Dairies.\nAchromatic Objectives: a* A D\n12.\u2014 20.\u2014 35.\u2014..........................M. 67.\u2014\tCodeword\n1\u201d\nj2 N. A. 1.25 (oil-immersion)........... * 100.\u2014\nHuyghenian Eyepieces:\nNos. 2,4............................. \u00bb 12-\nMicrometer Eyepiece H. 3 No. 11.5203 . .\t\u00bb 16.\u2014\nRevolving Nosepiece, triple, No. 12.1203\t. Stage Micrometer No. 12.6300\t\t Counting Chamber No. 12.6600 \t 200 Slides No. 12.9712\t 200 Cover-glasses No. 12.9818\t\t\u00bb 20.-\u00bb 10.-\u00bb 14.-\u00bb\t5.60 .\t4.-\t\u00bb 53.60\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\nAlternative Selection of Stands:\t\t\t\t\na) Stand HIE No. 12.2648 with Condenser No. 11.4120\t\t. 360.-\t\t\t\nPolarising Attachment No. 12.7880 and Selenite Films No. 12.7901. . Packing\t\u00bb 44.-\u00bb\t2.50\t\u201e 406.50\tM. 655.10\tMicromere\n\t\t\t\t\nb) Stand IV F No. 12.3085 with Condenser No. 11.4120\t Packing\t\u00bb 295.-,\t2.50\t\u201e 297.50\t\u201e 546.10\tMicromeria\n\t\t\t\t\nc) Stand VD No. 12.3485 with Illuminating Apparatus No. 11.4310 . . Packing\t\u00bb\t168.- \u00bb 2.-\t. 170.-\t\u201e 418.60\tMicromerie\n\t\t\t\t\nor without Polarising Attachment\t\t\t\t\nd) Stand IIICA No. 12.2643 with Condenser No. 11.4120\t Packing\t\u00bb 260.\u2014 \u00bb\t2.50\t\u00bb 262.50\t\u201e 511.10\tMicrozoal\ne) Stand IVC No. 12.3042 with Condenser No. 11.4120\t Packing\t\u00bb 225.-\u00bb\t2.50\t\u201e 227.50\t\u201e 476.10\tMicrozoary\nf) Stand VBA No. 12.3413 with Illuminating Apparatus No. 11.4310 . Packing\t\u00bb 120.\u2014 \u00bb 2.-\t, 122.-\t\u201e 370.60\tMicrozone\n\t\t\t\t","page":118},{"file":"p0119.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"119\nSet No. 9.\nSimple Microscopes for Class Laboratories, Paper Mills and Cellulose Works.\nAchromatic Objectives:\nA C Et\n20.\u2014 30.\u2014 60.\u2014......................... . M. 110.\tCodeword\nHuyghenian Eyepieces:\nNos 2, 4.................................,12.\u2014\nMicrometer Eyepiece H. 3 No. 11.5203\t\u201e 16.\u2014\tM. 138. \nRevolving Nosepiece, triple, No. 12.1203\t. Counting Chamber No. 12.6600\t\t 200 Slides No. 12.9712\t\t 100 Cover-glasses No. 12.9818\t 100 Cover-glasses No. 12.9818, selected for Objective E\t\t\u201e 20.-\u201e 14.-\u201e\t5.60 \u201e 2.- \u201e\t2.70\t\u201e 44.30\t\t\nAlternative Selection of Stands a) Stand IV CB No. 12.3044 with Condenser No. 11.4120\t Polarising Attachment No. 12.7880 and Selenite Films No. 12.7091 Packing\t\u201e 248.- \u201e 44.-\u201e\t2.50\t\u201e 294.50\tM. 476.80\tMicrozooid\nb) Stand V D No. 12.3585 with Illuminating Apparatus No. 11.4310 . Packing\t\u201e 158.-\u201e 2.-\t\u201e 160.-\t\u201e 342.30\tMicrommale\n\t\t\t\t\nor without Polarising Attachment c) Stand IV BA No. 12.3033 with Condenser No. 11.4120\t Packing\t\u201e 220.-\u201e\t2.50\t\u201e 222.50\t\u201e 404.80\tMicromys\nd) Stand V B No. 12.3412 with Illuminating Apparatus No. 11.4310 . Packing\t\u201e 110.\u2014 \u201e 2.-\t\u201e 112.-\t\u201e 294.30\tMicroneme\nSet No. 10.\nMicroscopes for Excise Examination of Fibres etc.\nAchromatic Objectives: a AD\n12.\u2014 20.\u2014 35\u2014.........................M. 67.\u2014\nHuyghenian Eyepieces:\nNos. 2, 4............................. ,, 12-\nMicrometer Eyepiece H. 3 No. 11.5203\t.\t,, 16.\u2014\t95.\u2014\nCarry forward M. 95.\u2014\nf) Objective E (without Correction Collar) should be used exclusively with cover' glasses of selected thickness.","page":119},{"file":"p0120.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"120\nBrought forward M. 95.\u2014\tCodeword\nAlternative Selection of Stands;\na) Stand V D. No. 12.3585 with Illu-\nminating Apparatus No. 11.4310\t.\t\tM. 158.\u2014\t\t\n\tPacking\t\u201e\t1-50\t\u201e 159.50\tM. 254.50 Micronisi\nb) Stand V A No. 12.3511 .\t....\t\u201e 80.-\t\t\n\tPacking\t1.50\t\u201e\t81.50\t\u201e 176.50 Micronisus\n\tSet !\tNo. 11.\t\t\nSimple Microscopes for Examining Opaque Objects, Specimens of Metals etc.\t\t\t\t\nAchromatic Objectives:\t\t\t\t\na2 A\tC\t\t\t\tCodeword\n12.- 20.- 30\u2014\t\t. . . .\tM. 62.-\t\t\nHuyghenian Eyepieces:\t\t\t\t\nNos. 2, 4\t\t\t\u201e 12.-\tM. 74.\u2014\t\nVertical Illuminator No. 12.0400 .\t. . . .\t18.-\t\t\nIlluminating Lamp No. 13.8200\t\t37.-\t\u201e\t55.-\t\nAlternative Selection of Stands\t\t\t\t\na) Stand V A No. 12.3511 .\t....\t\u201e 80.-\t\t\n\tPacking\t\u201e\t1.50\t\u201e\t81.50\tM. 210.50 Micronymy\nb) Stand IX No. 12.4410\t.\t\t\u00bb 50.-\t\t\n\tPacking\t\u201e\t1.50\t\u201e\t51.50\t\u201e 180.50 Microonte\nFor more pretentious requirements we supply special equipments for metallogra-phic investigations. Particulars of these will be furnished on application.\nComplete Microscope Equipments for all Histological, Bacteriological, Botanical and Zoological Investigations of the Usual Order, including the more or less Indispensable Accessories\nonly.\nSet No. 12.\nAchromatic Objectives: a a\u00e4 AA C DD F\nwith Correction Collar 40.- 12.\u2014 30.\u2014 30.\u2014 70.\u2014 95.\u2014 . . .\nPI D* (Water-immersion)\n20.- 75.\u2014............................\n1\u201d\n\u2014 N. A. 1.30 (oil-immersion).........\nHuyghenian Eyepieces:\nNos. 1, 2, 4, 5....................\nMicrometer Eyepiece H. 3. No. 11.5203\nM. 277.-\n\u00bb 95.\u2014 \u201e 140.-\n\u201e 24.-16.-\nM SS? -\nCarry forward\n552.-","page":120},{"file":"p0121.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"121\nBrought forward M. 552.\u2014\t\t\t\tCodeword\nParaboloid Condenser No. 11.4510 ....\tM.\t40.\u2014\t\t\nGlass Cell for Plankton Searcher No. 12.8720\t11\t3.50\t\t\nRevolving Nosepiece, quadruple, No. 12.1204\t11\t25.-\t\t\nDrawing Apparatus No. 12.6011\t\t\u00bb*\t60.-\t\t\nDrawing-Stage No. 12.6055 \t\t11\t45.-\t\t\nStage-Micrometer No. 12.6300\t\t\t11\t10.\u2014\t\t\nCounting Chamber No. 12.6600 \t\t11\t14-\t\t\nCover-glass Gauge No. 12.6500 \t\tJl\t20.\u2014\t\t\nMicro Nernst Lamp No. 13.9120\t\t11\t40.\u2014\t\t\n400 Slides No. 12.9712\t\t11\t11.20\t\t\n400 Cover-glasses No. 12.9818\t\tis\t8-\t., 276.70\tM. 828.70 Micrope\nAlternative Selection of Stands:\t\t\t\t\na) Stand I R No. 12.2047 with Con-\t\t\t\t\ndenser No. 11.4130\t\t\t325.-\t\t\nPolarising Attachment No. 12.7880\t\t\t\t\nand Selenite Films No. 12.7901\t\u00bb\t44-\t\t\nPacking\t11\t6 \u2014\t\u201e 375.-\t\u201e 1203.70 Microperca\nb) Stand III CB No. 12.2644 with Con-\t\t\t\t\ndenser No. 11.4130\t\t11\t278.\u2014\t\t\nPolarising Attachment No. 12.7880\t\t\t\t\nand Selenite Films No. 12.7901\t11\t44\u2014\t\t\nPacking\t11\t6.\u2014\t\u201e 328.-\t\u201e 1156.70 Micropeze\nc) Stand IV F No. 12.3085 with Con-\t\t\t\t\ndenser No. 11.4120\t\t11\t295.-\t\t\nPacking\t\u00bb\u00bb\t6.\u2014\t\u201e 301.-\t\u201e 1129.70 Microphon\nor without Polarising Attachment\t\t\t\t\nd) Stand III CA No. 12.2643 with Con-\t\t\t\t\ndenser No. 11.4130\t\t11\t265.-\t\t\nPacking\t11\t6.-\t\u00bb 271.-\t\u201e 1099.70 Microzoon\ne) Stand IV C No. 12.3042 with Con-\t\t\t\t\ndenser No. 11.4120\t\t11\t225 \u2014\t\t\nPacking\t11\t6.\u2014\t\u201e 231.-\t\u201e 1059.70 Microphony\nSet No. 13.\nApochromatic Objectives:\n16 mm\t8 mm\t4 mm\nN. A. 0.30 N. A. 0.65 N. A. 0.95\n80.\u2014\t100\u2014\t140.\u2014\t. . M. 320.\u2014\n\u2014?..mm------ (oil-immersion)............. \u201e 300.\u2014\nN. R. 1.30\nCompensating Eyepieces:\nNos. 2\t4\t8\t12\n20.- 20.- 30.\u2014 30.\u2014................\nMicrometer Eyepiece C. 6 No. 11.5406 .\n100.\u2014\n30.\u2014\nM.\n750.-\n11\nCarry forward\n750.\u2014","page":121},{"file":"p0122.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"122\nBrought forward M. 750.\u2014\nParaboloid Condenser No. 11.4510 for dark ground illumination\t\tM.\t40.\u2014\nTube Slide No. 12.1210\t\t\u00bb\t8 \u2014\n4 Objective Slides No. 12.1211\t\t\u00bb\t32.\u2014\nCase for 6 Objective Slides No. 12.1416\t.\t99\t15.\u2014\nDrawing Apparatus No. 12.6012\t\t99\t72.\u2014\nDrawing Stage No. 12.6050 \t\t99\t52.\u2014\nStage Micrometer No. 12.6300\t\t\t99\t10 \u2014\nHaemacytometer No. 12.6604 \t\t99\t27 \u2014\nMicro Nernst Lamp No. 13.9120\t\t99\t40.-\nCover-glass Gauge No. 12.6500 \t\t99\t20 \u2014\n500 Slides No. 12.9712\t\t99\t14.\u2014\n500 Cover-glasses No. 12.9818\t\t99\t10.-\nAlternative Selection of Stands :\t\t\t\na) Stand I B No. 12.2048 with Con-\t\t\t\ndenser No. 11.4130\t\t\u201e 400.-\t\t\nPolarising Attachment No. 12.7881\t\t\t\nand Selenite Pilms No. 12.7901\t\u201e 61.-\t\t\nPacking\t\u201e 6.-\t\u201e 467\u2014 M.\t1557\u2014\nb) Stand ill D No. 12.2647 with Con-\t\t\t\ndenser No. 11.4130\t\t\u201e 290.-\t\t\nPolarising Attachment No. 12.7880\t\t\t\nand Selenite Films No. 12.7901\t\u201e 44\u2014\t\t\nPacking\t\u201e 6\u2014\t\u201e 340.\t\u201e\t1430\u2014\nor without Polarising Attachment\t\t\t\nc) Stand I A No. 12.2047 with Con-\t\t\t\ndenser No. 11.4140\t\t\u201e 360\u2014\t\t\nPacking\t\u201e 6\u2014\t,, 366.\tJf\t1456\u2014\nd) Stand III CA No. 12.2643 with Con-\t\t\t\ndenser No. 11.4130\t\t\u201e 265\u2014\t\t\nPacking\t\u201e 6\u2014\t\u201e 271\u2014\t\u201e\t1361 \u2014\nBinocular and Monocular Erecting Microscopes\nSet No. 14.\nSimple Binocular Microscopes.\nPaired Objectives:\n45 \u2014 45\u2014\nM. 90\u2014\nPaired Eyepieces:\nNos. 2, 4................................ \u00bb 24.\t^ 114\u2014\nAlternative Selection of Stands:\na)\tStand X A No. 12.5040 ........... \u201e 195.\u2014\nPacking----\u201e\u2014Z\u2014_ \u201e m _ M> 311_\nb)\tStand X B No. 12.5090 ............... 160.-\nPacking----\u201e\u20143j0_\t163.50\t^ 277.50\nCodeword\nMicrophyte\nMicrure\nMicrople\nMicropoda\nCodeword\nMictibus\nMicropora","page":122},{"file":"p0123.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"123\nSet No. 15.\nBinocular Microscopes.\nPaired Objectives:\n(aT) (a,\n45!\u2014 457\u2014 45.\u2014 45 \u2014 55\u2014\t\tM. 235.\u2014\t\nPaired Eyepieces:\t\t\nNos. 2, 3, 4\t\t\t\u201e 36.-\t\nGlass Cell for Plankton Searcher No. 12.8720\t\u201e\t3.50\tM. 274.50\nAlternative Selection of Stands:\t\t\na) Stand X A No. 12.5040 \t\t\u201e 195.-\t\nPrism Rotator No. 12.8702\t. . .\t75.-\t\nCapillary Rotator No. 12.8710 with 20 capillaries\t\t\u201e 51.-\t\nPacking\t\u201e\t3.-\t\u201e 324.-\nb) Stand X B No. 12.5070\t\t\u201e 260.-\t\nDissecting Stage No. 12.4918\t. .\t\u201e 40.-\t\nPacking\t\u201e\t4.50\t\u201e 304.50\nc) Foot and Stage Portion of Stand X A with straight upright No. 124930 and Body Tube of Stand X B, in case\t\t\u201e 202.-\t\nFrame of Stand X B No. 12.5090 .\t\u201e 38.-\t\nPrism Rotator No. 12.8702\t. . .\t\u201e 75.-\t\nCapillary Rotator No. 12.8710 with 20 capillaries\t\t\u201e 51.-\t\nDissecting Stage No. 12.4918 . .\t\u201e 40.-\t\nPacking\t\u201e\t5.-\t\u201e 411.-\nSet No. 16.\t\t\n579.\u2014\n685.50\nStand XI No. 12.5310.....................\nAlternative Optical Equipments: a) Achromatic Objectives:\n55 mm\ta* A\tC\n15.\u2014\t40.\u2014\t20.\u2014\t30.\u2014 .\nHuyghenian Eyepieces:\nNos. 2, 4......................\nRevolving Nosepieces, triple, No.\n12.1203 .......................\nDrawing Apparatus No. 12.6012\t.\nPacking\nMonocular Dissecting Microscopes.\n........... M. 140.\u2014\nM. 105.\u2014\n\u201e 12.-\n\u201e 20.-\u201e 72.-\u201e\t2.50\n117.\u2014\n94.50 M. 351.50\nor\nb) Achromatic Objectives: 55 mm a3 15\u2014\t12.- . . . .\nHuyghenian Eyepieces: Nos. 2. 4.............\n27.\u2014\n12 \u2014 2.\u2014\n41.\u2014\n\u2022 Codeword\nMicropore\nMicroporos\nMicrops\nCodeword\nMicropsie\nPacking\n>\u00bb\n181.\u2014 Mictidae","page":123},{"file":"p0124.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"Index\nPage\nABBE illuminating apparatus .\t27\u201428\nAchromatic Objectives.......... 20\u201422\nAnalysers.......................... 94\nAnalyser Eyepieces................. 95\nApertometers....................... 92\nAperture, numerical................ 12\nApochromatic Objectives ....\t13\u201416\nAquarium Microscope................ 71\nArc Lamp.......................... 109\nBell Shades....................... Ill\nBinocular Stands............... 68\u201473\nBlood Corpuscle Counting Apparatus ......................... 91\nBorn and Peter\u2019s Orientation Plate\t106\nBottle for Immersion-Oil ....\t11\nBreath Shield..................... 106\nBurner, Tinol..................... 108\nCamera lucida.................. 78, 79\nCapillary Rotator................. 105\nCardioid Ultra-Microscope ...\t36\nCases for Objectives and Eyepieces ........................ 19\nCases for Objective Slides ...\t51\nCases for Stands................. 76\u201477\nCedarwood-oil for Immersion . .\t11\nCentre Stops.................... 33\u201435\nCentring Devices for Condensers 30, 31 \u201e\tfor Objectives 30, 106\nChambers, moist................... Ill\nCircles, graduated glass........... 89\nPage\nCompensating Eyepieces ....\t17\u201419\nCondensers, achromatic............ 30\n\u201e\taplanatic............. 29\n\u201e\tfor dark-ground illumination ....\t33- 36\n,,\tordinary...........29, 31, 32\n,,\tQuartz..................30\u201431\n\u201e\tswing-out............. 29\nCooling Trough, ZOTH\u2019s\t....\t100\nCorrection Collar for Objectives 10, 21\nCounting Apparatus............... 90,\t91\nCounting Chamber............... 91\nCover-glasses . . \u2022..............105,\t112\nCover-glass Gauge..............8, 10, 48\nCover-glass Dial Gauge.......... 10,\t90\nCross-line Micrometer............ 90,\t91\nCross-ruled Eyepiece......... 103\nCylinder Diaphragms.............. 28,\t32\nDark-ground Illumination .\t.\t.\t32\u201436\nDark-ground Illumination for a\nlarge field of view....... 36\nDark-ground Stops........... 33\u201435\nDepths, discrimination of\t...\t.\t12\nDepth of focus................ 12\nDermatoscope.................. 70\nDETTO\u2019s Slide Bar............. 44\nDiaphragm Carrier................ 28,\t55\nDiffraction Apparatus......... 93\nDiffraction Plate............. 93\nDissecting Implements............ 65,\t112\nDissecting Instruments....... 112","page":124},{"file":"p0125.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"125\nPage\nDissecting Microscopes Binoculars ..................... 68-73, 122, 123\n,, Monocular...............73, 123\n\u201e Stages................... 73\n,, Stands.................. 73, 75, 78\nDivided Circles................ 89\nDrawing Apparatus, ABBE . . .\t78\u201481\n,,\t\u201e for horizontal\tinstruments\t81\n,, Board................... 79, 83\n\u201e\tPrism.............. 79\n\u201e\tStand, GILTSCH\u2019s\t...\t83\n\u201e\tStages............. 82\nDraw-tube........................ 10,\t48\nDrum with PORRO Prisms ...\t102\nEhrlich stops...................... 90\nEngraved Name Plates............... 77\nErecting Microscopes:\nBinocular............. 68\u201473, 122, 123\nMonocular................. 74\u201475,\t123\nErecting Prism.................... 102\nEyepieces:\nAnalyser....................... 95\nCompensating............... 17\u201419\nCross-ruled................... 103\nFocussing.................. 85, 90, 103\nGoniometer..................... 87\nHuyghenian................... 23,\t24\nwith Large field of View . .\t23\nOrthoscopic.................. 23,\t24\nPointer....................... 102\nfor Special Purposes .... 101\u2014103 Eyepiece Cross-line Micrometer .\t90\n,, Micrometer.................. 84\n\u201e Screw Micrometer ...\t86\n\nField of View, area of object seen\nin the................15, 16, 22, 26\nFinder, MALTWOOD\u2019s.............45, 106\nFinders fitted to mechanical stages\t41,43\nFluorescence, Observation of . .\t31\nFluorite Objectives............ 7, 22\nPage\nFocus, Depth of............. 12\nFocussing Eyepieces......... 85, 90, 103\nFocussing Mechanisms...... 46\u201448\nGas-heated Condenser....... 100\nGas Lamp, Incandescent .... 107, 110 Glass Cell for Plankton Searcher\t21\nGlass Bell Shades.......... Ill\nGlass Plate Bases.......... Ill\nGoniometer Eyepieces........ 87\nHaemacytometers............. 91\nHageh Microscope Lamp ....\t107\nHand Microscope............. 67\nHand-regulating Arc Lamp .\t.\t.\t109\nHeating Chambers............ 99\nHeating Plate, GUTMANN\u2019s .\t.\t.\t100\nHeating Stages............. 100\nHuyghenian Eyepieces...... 23\u201424\nIlluminating Apparatus, ABBE .\t31\u201432\nIlluminating Arrangement,\nGREIL\u2019s ...................... 73\nDitto with Glow-lamps ....\t70,\t73\nIlluminators for small stands . .\t31,\t32\nImmersion Condenser............. 29,\t33\nImmersion-Fluid.............. 11\nImmersion-oil Bottle......... 11\nIris Cylinder Diaphragms ...\t28, 31, 32\nIris Diaphragms.............. 28, 31, 32\nLeather Cases................... 65,\t77\nLuminescence Microscope ...\t30,\t105\nMagnification:\nInitial Magnification of Objectives .................. 14\u201415\nEyepiece Magnification ...\t18, 24\nMagnifications, Table of for\nAchromatic Objectives and Huyghenian Eyepieces . .\t25\nfor Apochromatic Objectives and Compensating Eyepieces 24","page":125},{"file":"p0126.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"126\nPage\nMagnifications,\t\nfor High Power Achromatic\t\nObjectives and Compens\u00e2t-\t\ning Eyepieces\t\t26\nfor Paired Objectives and Eye-\t\npieces \t\t26\nMALTWOOD\u2019s Finder\t\t45, 106\nMeat Inspector\u2019s Microscope . .\t113\nMechanical Stage, Large ....\t41\n,,\t,,\tSimplified . .\t39\n\u201e\t\u201e\tSmall ....\t43\nMetal Name Plates\t\t77\nMica Films\t\t96\nMicro Burner\t\t99\nMicrometer Drum Eyepieces . .\t86, 102\nMicrometer Eyepieces\t\t85\nMicrometer Movement\t\t46\nMicro Nernst Lamp\t\t108\nMicroscope Lamps\t\t107\u2014110\nMicroscope Stages\t\t100\nMicroscopes, Complete\t\nfor Elementary Class Work .\t116\nfor Apothecaries (Pharmaceu-\t\ntical Classes)\t\t116\nfor Bacteriological Investiga-\t\ntions\t\t113, 114\nfor Breweries\t\t118\nfor Chemical Laboratories . .\t118, 119\nfor Dairies\t\t118\nfor Dissectiing\t\t122, 123\nfor Excise Examinations . . .\t119\nfor Histological, Botanical and\t\nZoological Investigations\t\n115, 116, 117,\t120, 121\nfor the Examination of Opaque\t\nObjects\t\t120\nfor Metallographie Work . . .\t120\nMicroscopic Objects \t\t112\nMicro Spectroscope\t\t97\nMicro-spectroscopic Objective .\t97\nMicrotomes\t\t112\nMoist Chambers \t\t111\nMounted Objects for the micro-\t\nscope \t\t112\nPage\nName Plates......................... 77\nNernst Lamps....................... 108\nNumerical Aperture.................. 12\nObjects for the Microscope ...\t112\nObject Stages...................... 100\nObjective Changers............. 49\u201451\nObjectives:\nAchromatic................... 20\u201423\nApochromatic............... 13\u201416\nfor Stands XI................... 75\nPaired, for binocular microscopes ................. 23\nObject Markers..................... 106\nObject Slides..................105, 111\nOrientation Plate.................. 106\nParaboloid Condenser................ 34\nParaboloid Stops.................... 35\nPhoto-micrographlc Stage . .\nPlankton Condenser...........\nPlankton Searcher............\nPointer Eyepieces............\nPolarisers........................ 94,\t95\n:\tPolarising Attachments... 92\u201496\n:\tPrism, Erecting............ 102\nI\tPrism Rotator.............. 104\nPrisms, PORRO\u2019s,\tdrum\tpattern\t.\t102\nQuartz Condensers................. 30,\t31\nResolving Power\tof Objectives\t.\t12\nRevolving Nosepieces.............. 49,\t50\nRevolving Stages.............. 40 42, 45\nRules.........................\nSelenite Films...................... 96\nSlide Bar, DETTO\u2019s.................. 44\nSlides.........................I05. 111\nSliding Objective Changers . . .\t49\u201451\nSlit Stop........................... 34\nSpectroscopic Eyepiece.............. 97\nSpectrum Polariser.................. 97","page":126},{"file":"p0127.txt","language":"en","ocr_en":"127\nPage\nStability of Objectives............ 16\nStages........................... 39\u201445\nStage Cross-line Micrometer . .\t91\nStage Micrometers................. 87,\t88\nStage Screw Micrometer ....\t88\nStage, Heating.................... 100\nStands:\nLarge.......................... 52\nMedium Sized................... 57\nSmall.......................... 61\nfor Photo-micrography and\nProjection................... 52\nBinocular...................... 68\nErecting Microscope........... 68,\t74\nStereoscopic Camera................ 73\nStereoscopic Eyepieces............ 101\nStops, EHRLICH\u2019s................... 90\nSubstage Illuminator for small\nstands........................ 31,\t32\nPage\nTables of Magnifications, see\nMagnifications.\nTest Plate...................... 10, 93\nThermo-regulator.................... 99\nThicknesses, Measurement of \u2014, by means of the micrometer\nscrew........................... 48\nTlnol Burner....................... 108\nTravelling Microscope ............ 63\u201465\nTube-length..................... 8, 37, 49,\nTurntable.......................... 106\nUltra Microscopes................... 36\nUltra-microscopy.................... 32\nVertical Illuminators........... 37\u201438\nVulcanite Stage, revolving ... 41, 42, 76\nWater Immersion Lenses . 15, 21, 22, 23\nWorking Distance, Free . 8, 14, 15, 22, 26","page":127}],"identifier":"lit18125","issued":"1913","language":"en","pages":"127","startpages":"127","title":"Microscopes and Accessories  for the Microscope, Carl Zeiss, Jena, 35th Edition","type":"Trade Catalogue"},"revision":0,"updated":"2022-01-31T13:45:28.566955+00:00"}