1834 enrollment as a medical student at the University of Marburg; compelled to leave the university, he studied at Erlangen and at the surgical school in Bamberg, then again at Marburg; 1840 medical degree (under Johannes Müller); 1841 prosector of anatomy under Ludwig Fick; 1842 venia legendi with a dissertation on the mechanism of renal function; 1846 associate professor (extraordinarus) at Marburg; 1847 visit to Berlin where he met Helmholtz, Brücke, and Du Bois-Reymond; 1849 appointment as professor of anatomy and physiology at Zurich; 1855 professor of anatomy and physiology at the Josephinum in Vienna; 1865 chair of physiology in Leipzig; 1869 founded the Physiological Institute at Leipzig, which was devoted to histology, physiological chemistry, and the physical study of physiological problems.
Degrees
M.D., University of Marburg, 1840
VL Library
Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Einflußes der Respirationsbewegungen auf den Blutumlauf im Arteriensystem, in: A. Anat., Physiol. u. wiss. Med. (1847): 242-302; Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen, Bd.1, Heidelberg 1852, Bd. 2, Leipzig-Heidelberg 1856, ≤1858/1861.