1786-1789 studies in medicine at the University of Göttingen; 1789 doctoral dissertation, entitled Florae Göttingensis specimen, ...; following private lecturer in pharmaceutics; from 1792 onward professor of natural history and chemistry at the University of Rostock; chemical, physical and mineralogical, later also zoological and botanical studies; 1795-1797 Beiträge zur Physik und Chemie; 1797-1799 expedition to Portugal together with his sponsor Graf Hoffmannsegg; 1801 Bemerkungen einer Reise durch Frankreich, Spanien, und vorzüglich Portugal; 1805 price winning paper at the Academy of Science in Göttingen, entitled Grundlehren der Anatomie und Physiologie der Pflanzen; 1810 member of the Leopoldina; 1811 call to the University of Breslau; 1815 call to the University of Berlin, chair for botany and natural history; directorate of the Royal botanical garden at Schöneberg and full member of the Prussian Academy of Science; many contributions in the botanical sciences; editor of the catalogues of the Berlin botanical garden (together with Friedrich Otto) and the Jahresberichte über die Arbeiten für physiologische Botanik (1837-1846) with Franz Julius Ferdinand Meyen as co-editor.